A mid-altitude area in southwestern China experienced a humid subtropical climate with subtle monsoon signatures during the early Oligocene: Evidence from the Ningming flora of Guangxi

The Hoanh Bo Trough‐a landward keyhole to the syn‐rift Late Eocene–Early Oligocene terrestrial succession of the northern Song Hong Basin (onshore north‐east Vietnam)

“…If this supposition is true, the upper parts, exposed in the Hoanh Bo area, were deposited under stable subtropical climatic conditions (Figure 13c). These claims are in reasonable agreement with the climatic conclusions reached from palynomorph analyses and match well with the postulated global cooling at the Eocene/Oligocene climatic transition (e.g., Coxall & Pearson, 2007; Ling et al, 2021; Liu et al, 2009), which regionally manifested as a shift from a humid tropical to a humid subtropical climate. More data, however, is needed to verify many of the trends and predictions made here, and thus provide more detailed, robust, and valuable conclusions.…”

“…Based on the geochemical results, it is reasonable to suggest that the lower part of the sedimentary succession was deposited in a tropical and humid climate, while the upper was deposited in the stable subtropical climatic conditions. Such a climate shift is in accordance with postulated global cooling at the Eocene/Oligocene climatic transition (e.g., Coxall & Pearson, 2007; Ling et al, 2021; Liu et al, 2009), which would have manifested regionally as a shift from a humid tropical to a humid subtropical climate.…”

“…Based on the geochemical results, it is reasonable to suggest that the lower part of the sedimentary succession was deposited in a tropical and humid climate, while the upper was deposited in the stable subtropical climatic conditions. Such a climate shift is in accordance with postulated global cooling at the Eocene/Oligocene climatic transition (e.g.,Coxall & Pearson, 2007;Ling et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2009), which would have manifested regionally as a shift from a humid tropical to a humid subtropical climate.Based on surface observations, it is stated that the Hoanh Bo Trough, during the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene, was bordered by active fault escarpments from the north and west and filled by a coarsening-up terrestrial succession, starting from a lacustrine and ending with a fluvial environment, and continuously flanked by alluvial fans.…”

Out of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau: Origin, evolution and historical biogeography of Morchella (both Elata and Esculenta clades)

“…Eocene (55.8 ± 0.2) was a key period for Asian paleoenvironmental changes and was characterized by a warmer climate than any other interval in the Cenozoic ( Shi et al, 1998 ; Zachos et al, 2001 ; Hoorn et al, 2012 ). M. eohespera in the middle latitudes region were differentiated at 34.24 Mya with the further uplifted of Kunlun-Algin-Qilian during the Oligocene, which has been called the beginning of the present ‘icehouse’ epoch ( Ling et al, 2021 ; Dieter et al, 2022 ). (iii) Neogene, the Indian and Tarim plates compressed and subducted to the QTPs with greater stress, and the plateau was greatly uplifted, forming the QTPs and the Himalayas.…”

Mummified fruits of Canarium from the upper Pleistocene of South China

“…By the middle Eocene, the genus extended throughout North America and had entered Europe. In the Oligocene, the reconstructed climate in most of Eurasia resembled that of a subtropical humid climate with distinctive seasonality, 31 , 32 and frost-intolerant Canarium spreads across Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. During the Miocene, populations of Canarium from high- and mid-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere were presumably eliminated during global climate cooling at the Oligocene-Miocene transition 33 , 34 and were forced to move southward into more favorable climates.…”