A microwave shutter using conductive polymers

Graphene-enabled electrically switchable radar-absorbing surfaces

“…Heating or illuminating a bare semiconductor surface with a light source can generate free carriers; but, these techniques are not practical for realistic device configurations. Electrically tunable materials such as ferroelectric materials 29,30 and composite polymers 31,32 have been studied for possible active microwave surfaces. Inability to fabricate these materials over large area and weak modulation of dielectric properties prevents realization of adaptive microwave surfaces.…”

Synthesis, characterization, and comparative study of conducting polyaniline/lead titanate and polyaniline–dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid/lead titanate composites

“…3 Since the discovery of metallic conductivity by the addition of suitable dopants, 4 polymer composites have become promising materials for microelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes, 5,6 thin-film transistors, 7 gas sensors, 8 and organic transparent electrodes. 9,10 However, the process for synthesizing composite materials is not so easy. Moreover, they have lower solubility in an aqueous solution in comparison with other polymer materials.…”

“…30 To study the effect of DBSA on the structure and thermal and electrical properties of conducting polymer composites, composites of PANI with PbTiO 3 (PANI/PbTiO 3 ) were synthesized in both the absence and presence of DBSA (PANI-DBSA/PbTiO 3 ). The composites were synthesized with different weight percentages (10,20,30,40, and 50 wt %) of PbTiO 3 by the addition of a fine-grade powder of PbTiO 3 to the polymerization reaction. The obtained composites were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).…”

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ABSTRACT: To study the effect of a surfactant on the properties of polyaniline (PANI)/metal oxide composites, PANI/ lead titanate (PbTiO 3 ) composites were synthesized with different weight percentages (10,20,30,40, and 50 wt %) of PbTiO 3 in both the absence and presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) by the polymerization of aniline with ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The structural characteristics and stability, surface characteristics, and electric properties of PANI/PbTiO 3 and PANI-DBSA/PbTiO 3 were studied and compared.

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Variable Temperature Broadband Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Characterization of Electrochromic (WO3/LiNbO3/NiO) Thin Films

“…The work was inspired by observations in the optical frequency [10], [11] where a change in colour occurs upon EC films actuation by application of a low DC bias voltage. Although the optical properties of EC have been widely reported in the literature, only two works [9], [12] have elaborated on the behaviour of these films in the microwave band, and, to the best of our knowledge, no study has ever been conducted to establish the electrical behaviour of EC at different operating temperatures and in the millimetre wave band.…”