A Microwave Frequency Range Experiment for the Measurement of Snow Density and Liquid Water Content

Abstract

This paper presents a new nondestructive characterization system for the extraction of both snow density and liquid water content (LWC). The experiment primarily measures the relative complex permittivity of snow (𝜺 𝒔 ) at microwave frequencies at 4 GHz to 6 GHz. The density and LWC are then deduced with high accuracy from an empirical model of literature that has been experimentally validated in this study.