A Microwave Digestion Technique for the Analysis of Rare Earth Elements, Thorium and Uranium in Geochemical Certified Reference Materials and Soils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Kasar, Sharayu; Murugan, Rajamanickam; Arae, Hideki; Aono, Tatsuo; Sahoo, Sarata Kumar

doi:10.3390/molecules25215178

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…12.3. Microwave, Ultrasound-Assisted, High-Pressure Digestion, and Infrared Heating Methods Kasar et al [236] digested geological reference materials and soils by microwave and Savillex digestion procedures to evaluate the best quality control for the analysis of the REEs. Savillex digestion vessels are made of PFA Teflon and can withstand high pressures and help in the rapid dissolution of geological materials.…”

Section: Fusion Dissolution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Analytical Techniques and Applications in Exploration, Mining, Extraction, and Metallurgical Studies of Rare Earth Elements

Balaram

2023

Minerals

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The use of analytical techniques is important and critical in all areas related to REE, such as basic fundamental research, exploration, mining, extraction, and metallurgical activities at different stages by different industries. At every stage of these activities, rock, ore, minerals, and other related materials have to be analyzed for their REE contents in terms of elemental, isotopic, and mineralogical concentrations using different analytical techniques. Spectacular developments have taken place in the area of analytical instrumentation during the last four decades, with some of them having shrunk in size and become handheld. Among laboratory-based techniques, F-AAS, GF-AAS, ICP-OES, and MP-AES have become very popular. Because of high sensitivity, fewer interference effects, and ease of use, ICP-MS techniques, such as quadrupole ICP-MS, ICP-MS/MS, ICP-TOF-MS, MH-ICP-MS, HR-ICP-MS, and MC-ICP-MS, with both solution nebulization as well as direct solid analysis using laser ablation sample introduction methods, have become more popular for REE analysis. For direct analysis of solids, INAA, XRF, and LIBS techniques, as well as LA-based ICP-MS techniques, are being extensively utilized. The LIBS technique in particular requires little to no sample preparation. TIMS, SIMS, and SHRIMP techniques are being used for isotopic as well as dating REE depots. Portable analytical techniques, such as pXRF, pLIBS, and Raman spectrometers are able to perform in situ analysis even in the field, helping to make fast decisions during exploration studies. At present, hyperspectral remote sensing techniques including handheld, drone, and satellite-based techniques have become very popular in REE exploration studies because of their ability to cover larger areas in a limited time and, thus, became very cost-effective. Deployment of microanalytical devices/sensors mounted in remotely operated vehicles (ROV) is being successfully utilized in detecting REE-rich deposits in the deep oceans. Providing updated in-depth information on all these important aspects with suitable examples, especially from the point of view of REE research studies is the focal point of this review article.

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Section: Fusion Dissolution Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Analytical Techniques and Applications in Exploration, Mining, Extraction, and Metallurgical Studies of Rare Earth Elements

Balaram

2023

Minerals

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“…That is why, alongside the highly developed spectrophotometric methods [ 95 ], the studied reagents are today widely used for preconcentration [ 96 ], with a view to the permanent development of new methods, including electrochemical, optode, electrochemical sensor and coupled spectral methods [ 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 ].…”

Section: Thorium Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of rare earth elements, thorium and uranium in geochemical certified reference materials and soils Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [110] Determination of trace element concentrations and stable lead, uranium and thorium isotope ratios in in NORM and NORM-polluted sample leachates Quadrupole-ICP-MS [111] Chemical separation and determination of seventeen trace metals in thorium oxide matrix using a novel extractant-Cyanex-923…”

Section: Thorium Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thorium Removal, Recovery and Recycling: A Membrane Challenge for Urban Mining

Man,

Albu,

Nechifor

et al. 2023

Membranes

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Although only a slightly radioactive element, thorium is considered extremely toxic because its various species, which reach the environment, can constitute an important problem for the health of the population. The present paper aims to expand the possibilities of using membrane processes in the removal, recovery and recycling of thorium from industrial residues reaching municipal waste-processing platforms. The paper includes a short introduction on the interest shown in this element, a weak radioactive metal, followed by highlighting some common (domestic) uses. In a distinct but concise section, the bio-medical impact of thorium is presented. The classic technologies for obtaining thorium are concentrated in a single schema, and the speciation of thorium is presented with an emphasis on the formation of hydroxo-complexes and complexes with common organic reagents. The determination of thorium is highlighted on the basis of its radioactivity, but especially through methods that call for extraction followed by an established electrochemical, spectral or chromatographic method. Membrane processes are presented based on the electrochemical potential difference, including barro-membrane processes, electrodialysis, liquid membranes and hybrid processes. A separate sub-chapter is devoted to proposals and recommendations for the use of membranes in order to achieve some progress in urban mining for the valorization of thorium.

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“…In addition, the MicroD method also exhibited high recovery efciency and this is likely because electromagnetic radiation can penetrate through the hair matrix, promoting molecular rotations and efcient heating via friction [24]. Microwave digestion has been found to be one of the most convenient techniques to prepare samples for elemental determination [25][26][27].…”

Section: Digestion Recovery Efciency Of the Standard Solution Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Different Digestion Methods for the Quantitation of Inorganic Elements in Human Hair Using ICP-MS

Liu

Yang

Xia

et al. 2022

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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The inorganic elements have unique properties in biochemical processes in humans. An increasing number of pathologies have been associated with essential element ions, such as lead, mercury, and cadmium. Hair has become an attractive clinical specimen for studying the longitudinal exposure to elements from the external environment. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) coupled with nitric acid (HNO3) digestion is the most common approach for determining inorganic elements from human hair. This study aims to optimize the digestion method for the absolute quantitation of 52 elements using ICP-MS, for a large cohort study in human hair. Five different HNO3 (65%) digestion methods were investigated and evaluated for their internal standard solution stability, reproducibility, element coverage, and standard solution recovery efficiency, namely, room temperature for 24 h (RT), 90°C for 4 h (T90), ultrasonic-assisted digestion (UltraS), programmed digestion of microwave digestion (MicroD), and ordinary microwave oven digestion (O-MicroD). Our results demonstrated that O-MicroD, MicroD, and RT were the best performing digestion methods for coefficient of variation (CV) scores, coverage, and recovery efficiency, respectively. In particular, the O-MicroD method detected multiple elements in a small quantity of hair (3 mg), with minimum nitric acid usage (200 μl) and a short digestion time (30 min). The O-MicroD method had excellent reproducibility, as demonstrated by a continuous thousand injections of hair samples with three internal standards (CV: 103Rh = 3.59%, 115In = 3.61%, and 209Bi = 6.31%). Future studies of the elemental content of hair should carefully select their digestion method to meet the primary purpose of their study.

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A Microwave Digestion Technique for the Analysis of Rare Earth Elements, Thorium and Uranium in Geochemical Certified Reference Materials and Soils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

Advances in Analytical Techniques and Applications in Exploration, Mining, Extraction, and Metallurgical Studies of Rare Earth Elements

Advances in Analytical Techniques and Applications in Exploration, Mining, Extraction, and Metallurgical Studies of Rare Earth Elements

Thorium Removal, Recovery and Recycling: A Membrane Challenge for Urban Mining

An Evaluation of Different Digestion Methods for the Quantitation of Inorganic Elements in Human Hair Using ICP-MS

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