A microsimulation model to assess the economic impact of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

IntroductionImmunotherapy has become the standard of care in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We aimed to quantify the economic impact, in France, of anti-PD-1 therapy for NSCLC.MethodsWe used patient-level data from the national ESCAP-2011-CPHG cohort study to estimate time to treatment failure and mean cost per patient for the four label indications approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for NSCLC in May 2018. To compute the budget impact, we used a microsimulation model to estimate the target populations of anti-PD-1 therapy over a 3-year period, which were combined with the annual cost of treatment.ResultsOverall, 11 839 patients with NSCLC were estimated to be eligible for anti-PD-1 therapy 3 years after the introduction of anti-PD-1 therapies. The mean annual cost per patient in the control group ranged from €2671 (95% CI €2149–3194) to €6412 (95% CI €5920–6903) across the four indications. The mean annual cost of treatment for the four EMA-approved indications of anti-PD-1 therapy was estimated to be €48.7 million in the control group and at €421.8 million in the immunotherapy group. The overall budget impact in 2019 is expected to amount to €373.1 million. In the sensitivity analysis, flat doses and treatment effect had the greatest influence on the budget impact.ConclusionAnti-PD-1 agents for NSCLC treatment are associated with a substantial economic burden.

Sotorasib versus Docetaxel for treatment of US and Chinese patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with KRAS p.G12C-mutated: A cost-effectiveness analysis to inform drug pricing

“…Our study has proved the substantial impacts of treatments on costs for advanced NSCLC. [ 35 ] Given the ever-increasing healthcare costs, concerns regarding value-based oncology are justified.…”

Engineering Nanoparticles toward the Modulation of Emerging Cancer Immunotherapy

“…[ 270 ] Especially in cancer immunotherapy, the therapeutic drugs such as immune checkpoint antibodies, therapeutic vaccine, monoclonal antibodies and cytokines rely on regular injection to exert their own function, resulting in rising health care costs. [ 271,272 ] In addition to the unique advantages mentioned above that reduce treatment cost, engineering NPs can be also synthesized by inexpensive precursors, as well as produced in large scale. Moreover, multiple strategies have existed in the synthesis process of engineering NPs with the low‐cost technique, including synthesis of magnetic iron oxide NPs by coprecipitation, reactions in constrained environments, and hydrothermal/high‐temperature reactions.…”