A Microscopic Study of the Apical Region of Human Anterior Teeth

Chapman, C. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.1969.tb01227.x

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…According to some studies, the deviation of the apical foramen ranged from 34% to 92% (7,10,11,13,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). In the present study, the frequency of the apical foramen deviation was 41.6%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors reported that the foramen openings never coincided with the long axis of the root, defining apical deviation as the extension of a small portion of the foramen from the center of the long axis (17). Deviations ranging from 34% to 92% have been reported (10,11,13,(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). The aim of this study was to determine the morphologic shapes and positions of the root apex and major foramen in maxillary and mandibular teeth.…”

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confidence: 94%

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Morphologic Analysis of the Root Apex in Human Teeth

Martos¹,

Lubian²,

Silveira³

et al. 2010

Journal of Endodontics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 94%

Morphologic Analysis of the Root Apex in Human Teeth

Martos¹,

Lubian²,

Silveira³

et al. 2010

Journal of Endodontics

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“…Numerous researchers have determined the frequency of deviation of the major foramen and the mean distance between the major foramen and the anatomical root apex (Kuttler 1955,Green 1956,1960, Chapman 1969, Levy & Glatt 1970, Palmer etd, 1971, Burch & Hulen 1972, Pineda & Kuttler 1972, Dummer et cd. 1984, Teo et al, 1988.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetry of the root canal foramen

1992

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Deviation of the major apical foramen from the anatomical root apex is a recognized phenomenon. To determine the frequency, position and mean distance of the major apical foramen from the anatomical root apex, 230 roots of permanent teeth were examined stereomicroscopically and radiographically. Radiographic analysis was used to establish how accurate the conventional radiograph was in displaying such a deviation. The frequency of deviation of the major foramen, determined stereomicroscopically, was 76%, and depended on the type of teeth examined. Radiographic analysis of the same sample revealed 57% of root canals had asymmetry of the root canal foramen. Agreement of stereomicroscopic and radiographic findings was found to be 61%. The most frequent deviation of the major foramen was on the distal root surface (29%), but this was not statistically significant. The mean distance between the deviation of the major foramen and the anatomical root apex was 0.99 mm. The study indicates that the clinician should consider deviation of the foramen during root canal treatment, as the deviation could not easily be detected radiographically.

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“…Chapman (9) found that 92.5% of constrictions were between 0.5-1.0 mm from the apex. The pulp canal, however, does not always terminate at the anatomic apex of the root.…”

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confidence: 98%