A microscale three-dimensional model of urban outdoor thermal exposure (TUF-Pedestrian)

Lachapelle, Jacob; Krayenhoff, E. Scott; Middel, Ariane; Meltzer, Samuel; Broadbent, Ashley M.; Georgescu, Matei

doi:10.1007/s00484-022-02241-1

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It is important to note that although the impact of tree deployment is greatest during the sunlit portion of the diurnal cycle, in agreement with previous research, our results indicate that cooling of a reduced magnitude persists during the evening and nighttime hours (supplementary figure 8), in contrast with previous research (e.g. [2,80]).…”

Section: Impact On Tasupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluating the effects of different tree species on enhancing outdoor thermal comfort in a post-industrial landscape

Vatani,

Kiani,

Mahdavinejad

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

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A frequently emphasized strategy to reduce the burden of heat in cities across the world is the implementation of street trees. Here, we examine the effects of deciduous and coniferous tree deployment on meteorological variables and pedestrian themal comfort through analysis of the new dynamic thermal comfort (dPET) index, using the latest version of the computational fluid dynamics model ENVI-met. We performed on site observational measurements of air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (Rh), wind speed (Ws), and mean radiant temperature (MRT) at 5 different locations on the hottest day of summer 2023, in a post-industrial urban landscape located in Tehran, Iran. Observations were used to evaluate ENVI-met simulation performance and served as a baseline against which sensitivity experiments – based on a minimum (35%) and maximum (75%) intervention scenario for deciduous and coniferous trees – were compared against. Our analysis indicates that 35% and 75% deployment reduced Ta by 1.2°C and 4.2°C, respectively, for deciduous tree species, compared to a 0.9°C and 3.1°C reduction for coniferous species, during the hottest day of summer 2023. The maximum deployment scenario decreased MRT by approximately 60°C and 43°C for deciduous and coniferous tree deployment, respectively. The maximum tree deployment scenario decreased dPET by nearly 16°C and 14°C for deciduous and coniferous trees, respectively, during the time of day that diurnal heating is maximized. Our findings highlight micrometeorological and personalized thermal comfort effects associated with variable tree species type and extent through examination of a pedestrian's ambulatory experience across diverse urban microclimates in a region of the world that is particularly understudied.

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Section: Impact On Tasupporting

confidence: 91%

Evaluating the effects of different tree species on enhancing outdoor thermal comfort in a post-industrial landscape

Vatani,

Kiani,

Mahdavinejad

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…5b), implying a reduction of the longwave radiation emitted from the ground upwards. Recent modelling work indicates that reduced longwave emission toward pedestrians due to tree shade may account for >25% of the reductions in T mrt associated with trees (Lachapelle et al, 2022). Additionally, the comparison of the building wall temperatures from the simulations reveals that the higher tree cover in Densely_treed generates a lower building wall temperature in the lowest levels compared to Sparsely_treed (see Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Street Trees On Thermal Comfortmentioning

confidence: 93%

How do street trees affect urban temperatures and radiation exchange? Observations and numerical evaluation in a highly compact city

et al. 2022

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“…Thom et al worked to measure and validate the mitigating effects of the simulated trees on the real environment [24]. Similarly, Lachapelle et al extended an existing computational model to demonstrate that shade-trees can reduce daytime temperature on sidewalks by almost 20 • C [25]. Furthermore, Ziter, et al found that urban temperatures experienced by residents decrease as a non-linear function of percent canopy cover [26].…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and Assessing Demographic (In)Equity Resulting from Extreme Heat Exposure due to Lack of Tree Canopies in Norfolk, VA using Agent-Based Modeling

Zamponi¹,

O’Brien²,

Jensen³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Prolonged exposure to extreme heat can result in illness and death. In urban areas of dense concentrations of pavement, buildings, and other surfaces that absorb and retain heat, extreme heat conditions can arise regularly and create harmful environmental exposures for residents daily during certain parts of the year. Tree canopies provide shade and help to cool the environment, making mature trees with large canopies a simple and effective way to reduce urban heat. We develop a demographically representative 1 (agent): 1 (person) agent-based model to understand the extent to which different demographics of residents in Norfolk, VA are equitably shaded from extreme heat conditions during a walk on a clear summer day. We use the model to assess the extent to which the city's Tree Planting Plan will be effective in remediating any existing inequities. Our results show that inequitable conditions exist for residents (1) at different education levels, (2) at different income levels and, (3) living in different census tracts. Norfolk's Tree Planting Program effectively reduces the distance residents of all demographics walk in extreme heat. However, residents of the city at lower income levels still experience statistically significantly more extreme heat exposure due to a lack of tree canopies in summer months than those at higher income levels.

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A microscale three-dimensional model of urban outdoor thermal exposure (TUF-Pedestrian)

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluating the effects of different tree species on enhancing outdoor thermal comfort in a post-industrial landscape

Evaluating the effects of different tree species on enhancing outdoor thermal comfort in a post-industrial landscape

How do street trees affect urban temperatures and radiation exchange? Observations and numerical evaluation in a highly compact city

Understanding and Assessing Demographic (In)Equity Resulting from Extreme Heat Exposure due to Lack of Tree Canopies in Norfolk, VA using Agent-Based Modeling

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