A micromechanical proof-of-principle experiment for measuring the gravitational force of milligram masses

Schmöle, Jonas; Dragosits, Mathias; Hepach, Hans; Aspelmeyer, Markus

doi:10.1088/0264-9381/33/12/125031

Cited by 109 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Such a situation could be realized by holding the spheres by levers. This would be similar to the experimental proposal described in [20], where the gravitational field of a single oscillating mass is planned to be measured. The x-y-plane could be arranged horizontally and the levers could be attached such that the space between the spheres would be empty except for the detector.…”

Section: Gravitational Wave Substitutesmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…However, the size of the small scale detectors considered in this article allows for sizes of the sources of gravitational fields, and the amplitudes of their oscillations to be significantly reduced as well. This can lead to a high level of control of systematics as discussed in [20]. More importantly, the reduced scales allow for the gravitational field of a plane gravitational wave like those expected from distant astronomical sources to be mimicked as we show in this article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Then, we obtain that we can mimic a strain of the order of 10 −25 . For gold or tungsten cylinders with diameters of about 0.5 mm as source masses, we find a mimicked strain of The detector is placed at the center of a distribution of four spheres (possibly hold by levers [20]) that oscillate towards and away from the detector. Opposing spheres have half a period phase shift, while there is a phase shift of quarter of a period between neighboring spheres.…”

Section: Signal Amplitudesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…How vibration isolation of sources and detector can be achieved for experiments with oscillating masses in the milligram range was discussed in [20] and in much detail in the thesis of Jonas Schmöle at the University of Vienna [33]. An experimental proposal is presented in which a source mass of about 100 mg is moved at a frequency of about 10 Hz and its gravitational effect on a test mass is measured.…”

Section: Signal Amplitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vibration isolation is implemented through several mechanical vibration isolation stages in the suspension of detector and source. The experiment proposed in [20] is currently set up in the laboratories of Markus Aspelmeyer in Vienna. Vibration isolation with mechanical isolation stages in the suspension is similar to the techniques developed for vibration isolation of the parts of interferometric gravitational wave detectors like LIGO and Virgo.…”

Section: Signal Amplitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing small scale gravitational wave detectors with dynamical mass distributions

Rätzel

Fuentes

2019

J. Phys. Commun.

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The recent discovery of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration created renewed interest in the investigation of alternative gravitational wave detector designs, such as small scale resonant detectors. In this article, it is shown how proposed small scale detectors can be tested by generating dynamical gravitational fields with appropriate distributions of moving masses. A series of interesting experiments will be possible with this setup. In particular, small scale detectors can be tested very early in the development phase and tests can be used to progress quickly in their development. This could contribute to the emerging field of gravitational wave astronomy.

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Section: Gravitational Wave Substitutesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Signal Amplitudesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Signal Amplitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Signal Amplitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Testing small scale gravitational wave detectors with dynamical mass distributions

Rätzel

Fuentes

2019

J. Phys. Commun.

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Spiderweb Nanomechanical Resonators via Bayesian Optimization: Inspired by Nature and Guided by Machine Learning

et al. 2021

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temperature conditions where thermomechanical noise can dominate. The degree of mechanical isolation is characterized by a resonator's mechanical quality factor, Q m . Typically, Q m is defined as the ratio of energy stored in a resonator over the energy dissipated over one cycle of oscillation. Inversely, mechanical quality factors can indicate the dissipation of mechanical noise into a resonator from ambient environments. For mechanical sensors, a resonator's isolation from ambient thermal noise can greatly enhance their ability to detect ultrasmall forces, pressures, positions, masses, velocities, and accelerations. For quantum technologies, mechanical quality factor dictates the average number of coherent oscillations a nanomechanical resonator (in the quantum regime) can undergo before one phonon of thermal noise enters the resonator and causes decoherence of its quantum properties. [1] From microchip sensing to quantum networks, cryogenics are conventionally required to counteract thermal noise but enabling these burgeoning technologies to operate in ambient temperatures would have a significant impact on their widespread use.In room-temperature environments, on-chip mechanical resonators with state-of-the-art quality factors have mostly consisted of high-aspect-ratio suspended nanostructures From ultrasensitive detectors of fundamental forces to quantum networks and sensors, mechanical resonators are enabling next-generation technologies to operate in room-temperature environments. Currently, silicon nitride nanoresonators stand as a leading microchip platform in these advances by allowing for mechanical resonators whose motion is remarkably isolated from ambient thermal noise. However, to date, human intuition has remained the driving force behind design processes. Here, inspired by nature and guided by machine learning, a spiderweb nanomechanical resonator is developed that exhibits vibration modes, which are isolated from ambient thermal environments via a novel "torsional soft-clamping" mechanism discovered by the data-driven optimization algorithm. This bioinspired resonator is then fabricated, experimentally confirming a new paradigm in mechanics with quality factors above 1 billion in room-temperature environments. In contrast to other state-of-the-art resonators, this milestone is achieved with a compact design that does not require sub-micrometer lithographic features or complex phononic bandgaps, making it significantly easier and cheaper to manufacture at large scales. These results demonstrate the ability of machine learning to work in tandem with human intuition to augment creative possibilities and uncover new strategies in computing and nanotechnology.

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Diamagnetic Composites for High‐Q Levitating Resonators

et al. 2022

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Levitation offers extreme isolation of mechanical systems from their environment, while enabling unconstrained high-precision translation and rotation of objects. Diamagnetic levitation is one of the most attractive levitation schemes because it allows stable levitation at room temperature without the need for a continuous power supply. However, dissipation by eddy currents in conventional diamagnetic materials significantly limits the application potential of diamagnetically levitating systems. Here, a route toward high-Q macroscopic levitating resonators by substantially reducing eddy current damping using graphite particle based diamagnetic composites is presented. Resonators that feature quality factors Q above 450 000 and vibration lifetimes beyond one hour are demonstrated, while levitating above permanent magnets in high vacuum at room temperature. The composite resonators have a Q that is >400 times higher than that of diamagnetic graphite plates. By tuning the composite particle size and density, the dissipation reduction mechanism is investigated, and the Q of the levitating resonators is enhanced. Since their estimated acceleration noise is as low as some of the best superconducting levitating accelerometers at cryogenic temperatures, the high Q and large mass of the presented composite resonators positions them as one of the most promising technologies for next generation ultra-sensitive room temperature accelerometers.

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A micromechanical proof-of-principle experiment for measuring the gravitational force of milligram masses

Cited by 109 publications

References 84 publications

Testing small scale gravitational wave detectors with dynamical mass distributions

Testing small scale gravitational wave detectors with dynamical mass distributions

Spiderweb Nanomechanical Resonators via Bayesian Optimization: Inspired by Nature and Guided by Machine Learning

Diamagnetic Composites for High‐Q Levitating Resonators

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