In the present work, it is shown that the photobleaching technique as well as experimentation based on fluorescence recovery after bleaching can be extended to monolayers spread at the air-water interface. A mathematical model is derived which allows the determination of translational diffusion coefficients of species diffusing in such a system. Using 12-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid (anthroylstearate) as a fluorescent probe, dispersed either in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or in dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol in various conditions of subphase ionic composition and surface pressure of the monolayer, including phase transition domains, we are led to the following conclusions :1. Anthroylstearate molecules seem to aggregate in 'microdomains' where their fluorescence properties remain unchanged regardless of the compression states of the host monolayer.2. In any case, a break in the diffusion constants appears on compressing films of both dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol. In particular, this break coincides with the liquid expanded to gel phase transition of these lipids when it occurs.3. Diffusion of anthroylstearate in dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol depends strongly on the subphase ionic strength and on the nature of cations: Na', Mg2+, Ca2+.In recent years, much interest has been expressed in the study of lateral diffusion of phospholipids and proteins in biomembranes. Such a process which participates in the more general concept of 'membrane fluidity' seems to play a significant role in modulating membrane functions of some proteins [l]. Many of the studies reported on lateral diffusion have been carried out by use of spectroscopic methods, basically electron spin resonance [2], nuclear magnetic resonance , whereas experimentation on monolayers have been scarce and based on the use of radioactive tracers [lo]. Lipid monolayers at the air-water interface have proved to be good membrane models in which not only the temperature and subphase pH and ionic composition can be controlled, but also the molecular packing of the lipids. We have reported recently [ 111 that fluorescence measurements are feasible with such monolayers at very low concentrations of the probe (mole ratio of the order of In the present work, the photobleaching technique has been extended to monolayers and the experimentation based on fluorescence recovery after bleaching as well. A mathematical treatment of the data has been derived which allows the determination of translational diffusion coefficients in such a system. The results presented deal with the diffusion of 12-(9-anthroy1)stearic acid (anthroylstearate) dispersed either in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or in dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol in various conditions of subphase ionic composition and surface pressure of the monolayer, including phase transition domains. 1 : 100).