“…Many studies have confirmed that the detection performance of microfluidic lab-on-paper platforms can be improved through the use of sample pre-concentration techniques (such as ICP, ITP, EKS, and so on) [72,73,75,115,171], or amplification devices (e.g., LAMP, PCR, CHR, HCR, and so forth.) [78,81,83,172,173]. For example, the authors in [84] showed that the detection performance of a lab-on-paper platform for urine microalbuminuria diagnosis in diabetic patients could be significantly improved by incorporating EKS with a 100-fold amplification capability in the sample pre-treatment stage.…”