A microfluidic flow injection system for DNA assay with fluids driven by an on-chip integrated pump based on capillary and evaporation effects

Xu, Zhang-Run; Zhong, Chong-Hui; Guan, Yong; Chen, Xuwei; Wang, Jianhua; Fang, Zheng

doi:10.1039/b805774e

Cited by 45 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Similar systems have been constructed for concentration of bacteria and viruses [36,37], and concentration has also been carried out using microstructured media [38][39][40] Evaporation pumps with greater capacity were subsequently developed using porous media [41][42][43], and used for 3 sample injection [44,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evaporation-driven chemical pre-concentration and separation on paper

Syms

2017

Biomicrofluidics

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Airflow-enhanced evaporation is investigated as a method for rapid chemical pre-concentration on a thin porous substrate. The mechanism is described by combining 1D models of capillary rise, chromatography and pervaporation concentration. It is shown that the effective length of the column can be shorter than its actual length, allowing concentrate to be held at a stagnation point and then released for separation, and that the Péclet number, which determines concentration performance, is determined only by the substrate properties. The differential equations are solved dynamically, and it is shown that faster concentration can be achieved during capillary filling.Experiments are carried out using chromatography paper in a ducted airflow and concentration is quantified by optical imaging of water-soluble food dyes. Good agreement with the model is obtained, and concentration factors of ≈ 100 are achieved in 10 mins using Brilliant Blue FCF.Partial separation of Brilliant Blue from Tartrazine is demonstrated immediately following concentration, on a single un-patterned substrate. The mechanism may provide a method for improving the sensitivity of lab-on-paper devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid evaporation-driven chemical pre-concentration and separation on paper

Syms

2017

Biomicrofluidics

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“…Capillary pumps have been fabricated via photolithography within microfl uidic devices to pull fl uids through microchannels [8][9][10] , but their integration within the device prevents exchanging or replacing the pumps. To lower the cost and fabrication time of capillary pumps, several groups have used paper connected to the distal end of a microfl uidic channel to pull fl uid [11][12][13][14] . Th ese paper pumps use simple geometric shapes to generate a single fl ow rate but they only work on channels with relatively low fl uidic resistances and are built into the analytical test substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modular pumps as programmable hydraulic batteries for microfluidic devices

et al. 2017

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Simple fl uid pumps have been developed to improve microfl uidic device portability, but they cannot be easily programmed, produce repeatable pumping performance, or generate complex fl ow profi les -key requirements for increasing the functionality of portable microdevices. We present a detachable, paper-based, "hydraulic battery" that can be connected to the outlet of a microfl uidic channel to pump fl uid at varying fl ow rates over time, including step changes, ramping fl ows, and oscillating fl ows.Keywords: Paper Microfl uidics; Capillary Pump; Microfl uidic; Lateral Flow; Microfl uidic Pump; Point of Care. INNOVATIONTh e hydraulic battery demonstrated here is a novel, paper-based pump that uses paper geometry to achieve preprogrammed fl ow rates and durations. Pumps are designed by choosing the dimensions of the resistive neck and absorption region, which control the pumping fl ow rate and volume, respectively. Lamination encapsulates the paper and minimizes the evaporation that plagues other paper microfl uidics, improving pumping reproducibility. Th e pumps are fabricated using a simple, scaleable procedure: here, chromatography paper is laminated and then cut to the desired shape with a laser cutter, although a variety of porous materials can be used. Multiple pumps can be stacked with or without dissolvable delays to create complex fl ow profi les. Using hydraulic batteries, users can generate varying fl ow rate profi les in microfl uidic devices, including both increasing and decreasing step changes, ramping fl ow, and oscillating fl ow. NARRATIVE IntroductionFluid transport in microfl uidic devices is usually controlled by pumps that require external power and cumbersome fl uidic connections, limiting the portability of the system 1 . On-chip pumps exist, but achieving a desired fl ow rate can be an empirical process and the pumps cannot generate complex fl ow behavior [2][3][4][5][6][7] . Capillary pumps have been fabricated via photolithography within microfl uidic devices to pull fl uids through microchannels [8][9][10] , but their integration within the device prevents exchanging or replacing the pumps. To lower the cost and fabrication time of capillary pumps, several groups have used paper connected to the distal end of a microfl uidic channel to pull fl uid [11][12][13][14] . Th ese paper pumps use simple geometric shapes to generate a single fl ow rate but they only work on channels with relatively low fl uidic resistances and are built into the analytical test substrate. Wang et al. demonstrated a clever approach for programming detachable paper-based pumps to pump at progressively slower fl ow rates 15 . However, this strategy cannot be used to create more complex fl ow profi les, such as increasing fl ow rates, oscillating fl ow, or delayed-onset fl ow.Paper devices have been enhanced by improvements such as delays and evaporation barriers, among others. Lamination strategies for paper-based devices include the use of printer toner 16 , tape 17 and lamination with plastic sheets 18,19 . D...

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“…On this chip, suspensions of discrete objects (i.e., cells, beads, and droplets) can be transported within conventional microfluidics that are driven and controlled by multiple paper channels. In contrast to previous works that utilized external, macroscopic paper-based pumps, [13][14][15][16] enables the independent control of multiple open channels and control over the laminar flowpattern within individual channels, which would require a cumbersome number of macroscopic connections using conventional methods. [13][14][15][16] These hybrid chips can implement complex labon-a-chip techniques, which require many independently controlled flow rates, on a single monolithic chip without external instrumentation to drive fluid flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Laser micromachined hybrid open/paper microfluidic chips

2013

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Paper-based microfluidics are an increasingly popular alternative to devices with conventional open channel geometries. The low cost of fabrication and the absence of external instrumentation needed to drive paper microchannels make them especially well suited for medical diagnostics in resource-limited settings. Despite the advantages of paper microfluidics, many assays performed using conventional open channel microfluidics are challenging to translate onto paper, such as bead, emulsion, and cell-based assays. To overcome this challenge, we have developed a hybrid open-channel/paper channel microfluidic device. In this design, wick-driven paper channels control the flow rates within conventional microfluidics. We fabricate these hybrid chips using laser-micromachined polymer sheets and filter paper. In contrast to previous efforts that utilized external, macroscopic paperbased pumps, we integrated micro-scale paper and open channels onto a single chip to control multiple open channels and control complex laminar flow-pattern within individual channels. We demonstrated that flow patterns within the open channels can be quantitatively controlled by modulating the geometry of the paper channels, and that these flow rates agree with Darcy's law. The utility of these hybrid chips, for applications such as bead-, cell-, or emulsion-based assays, was demonstrated by constructing a hybrid chip that hydrodynamically focused micrometer-sized polystyrene beads stably for >10 min, as well as cells, without external instrumentation to drive fluid flow. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

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A microfluidic flow injection system for DNA assay with fluids driven by an on-chip integrated pump based on capillary and evaporation effects

Cited by 45 publications

References 32 publications

Rapid evaporation-driven chemical pre-concentration and separation on paper

Rapid evaporation-driven chemical pre-concentration and separation on paper

Modular pumps as programmable hydraulic batteries for microfluidic devices

Laser micromachined hybrid open/paper microfluidic chips

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