A microfabricated fiber-integrated diamond magnetometer with ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers

Xie, Fei; Hu, Yuqiang; Li, Lingyun; Wang, Cao; Liu, Qihui; Wang, Nan; Wang, Lihao; Wang, Shuna; Cheng, Jiangong; Chen, Hao; Wu, Zhenyu

doi:10.1063/5.0089732

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In Figure 2d, the Ω pattern on the diamond is used to generate a MW field with a uniformity of 88.5% for NV spin state manipulation. [ 31 ] The wafer‐level microfabrication approach [ 32 ] is used to prepare the diamond chip (Figure 2e,f). The diamond is bonded to the silicon wafer by a metallic thermo‐compression bonding.…”

Section: Principle and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter‐Scale Temperature Self‐Calibrated Diamond‐Based Quantum Sensor for High‐Precision Current Sensing

Liu,

Xie,

Peng

et al. 2023

Adv Quantum Tech

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The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) color center in diamond is a type of point defect, which is extensively studied as a promising high‐sensitivity solid‐state magnetic field sensor. However, its transition from research to application is still limited due to the technical challenges of an integrated physical package. Here, an integrated diamond sensor is demonstrated with the essential component on the order of mm3, which is realized by a standard microfabrication process. A microfabrication‐compatible light guiding structure is constructed, providing photon detection efficiency of 66% and thus enabling a magnetic field detection sensitivity reaching 203 pT·Hz1/2. Incorporation of the sensor device with a magnetic yoke enables high‐precision wide‐range direct‐current sensing with current isolation. A current measuring range of 0–400 A with a minimum detection limit of 2 mA is achieved. By utilizing dual spin resonance modulation, the temperature drift is suppressed from 219 to 1.92 ppm∙°C−1. This configuration provides new possibilities as a robust and scalable platform for current quantum sensing technologies.

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Section: Principle and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter‐Scale Temperature Self‐Calibrated Diamond‐Based Quantum Sensor for High‐Precision Current Sensing

Liu,

Xie,

Peng

et al. 2023

Adv Quantum Tech

Self Cite

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“…Because of the limitations of the laser sources themselves, the use of high laser power can result in significant laser fluctuation noise. Xie et al used noise cancellation to mitigate the effects of the laser fluctuation noise, thereby improving the magnetic field resolution by an order of magnitude to achieve an optimal magnetic field resolution of 2.03 nT/Hz 1/2 [13]. Wolf et al mitigated the optical noise caused by the high laser power required in pulse spin echo measurements by increasing the correlation time to exceed the laser pulse duration, which resulted in a final magnetic field magnetic field resolution of 0.9 pT/Hz 1/2 [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Suppression of Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometer in Lock-In Detection Method by Using Common Mode Rejection

Li,

Zheng,

Liu

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds are promising solid-state magnetic sensors with potential applications in power systems, geomagnetic navigation, and diamond NV color center current transformers, in which both high bandwidth and high magnetic field resolution are required. The wide bandwidth requirement often necessitates high laser power, but this induces significant laser fluctuation noise that affects the detection magnetic field resolution severely. Therefore, enhancement of the magnetic field resolution of wide-bandwidth NV center magnetic sensors is highly important because of the reciprocal effects of the bandwidth and magnetic field resolution. In this article, we develop a common mode rejection (CMR) model to eliminate the laser noise effectively. The simulation results show that the noise level of the light-detected magnetic resonance signal is significantly reduced by a factor of 6.2 after applying the CMR technique. After optimization of the laser power and modulation frequency parameters, the optimal system bandwidth was found to be 75 Hz. Simultaneously, the system’s detection magnetic field resolution was enhanced significantly, increasing from 4.49 nT/Hz1/2 to 790.8 pT/Hz1/2, which represents an improvement of nearly 5.7 times. This wide-bandwidth, high-magnetic field resolution NV color center magnetic sensor will have applications including power systems, geomagnetic navigation, and diamond NV color center current transformers.

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Fiber‐Integrated Diamond Quantum Sensor for High‐Voltage Current Measurements

Liu,

Nie,

Peng

et al. 2024

Advanced Sensor Research

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In power network systems, there is an urgent demand for highly accurate and miniaturized sensors, owing to their high safety level and limited installation space. Current sensors in high‐voltage grids are required to accommodate harsh environments and provide accurate measurements of several kiloamperes. Thus, this study proposed an integrated quantum diamond sensor to facilitate high‐accuracy, large‐dynamic‐range current measurements. The design incorporated optical fiber and directional microwave (MW) antennas to drive the diamond sensor, which significantly reduced the size and power consumption on the high‐voltage side. Remote‐control and demodulation systems are installed more than 10 m away from the low‐voltage side. The proposed approach achieved zero power consumption on the high‐voltage side and ensured efficient signal transmission. A passive diamond probe manufactured using microfabrication processes facilitated miniaturization and practical deployment. Through parameter optimization, a magnetic detection sensitivity of 4.86 nT·Hz−1/2 is achieved at a safe distance of 11 m, which can be further optimized to 0.77 nT·Hz−1/2 with enhanced MW power. This sensor achieved a current measurement error of ±0.4% in the 1000 A measurement range. Thus, this study provides a new solution for the application of diamond quantum sensors in power systems.

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A microfabricated fiber-integrated diamond magnetometer with ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers

Cited by 15 publications

References 53 publications

Millimeter‐Scale Temperature Self‐Calibrated Diamond‐Based Quantum Sensor for High‐Precision Current Sensing

Millimeter‐Scale Temperature Self‐Calibrated Diamond‐Based Quantum Sensor for High‐Precision Current Sensing

Noise Suppression of Nitrogen-Vacancy Magnetometer in Lock-In Detection Method by Using Common Mode Rejection

Fiber‐Integrated Diamond Quantum Sensor for High‐Voltage Current Measurements

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