A Microdialysis Technique for Routine Measurement of Macromolecules in the Injured Human Brain

Hillman, Jan; Åneman, Oscar; Anderson, Chris; Sjögren, Florence; Säberg, Carina; Mellergård, Per Erik

doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000159711.93592.8d

Cited by 100 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Both these problems were remedied by replacing the perfusate with 10% dextran-40. Some previous authors have used macromolecules to reduce perfusate loss in the tissue [25,26,27]. They added 40 g/l dextran-70 or Ringer-dextran-60 to the standard perfusate to prevent perfusate loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obtaining protein-free samples was once considered an advantage of microdialysis. However, due to the importance of several proteins and other macromolecules, there have been initiatives to devise a microdialysis system that can recover sufficient amounts of macromolecules to determine their tissue concentrations [26,27,31,32]. Using Ringer-dextran-60 and 100-kDa catheters, Hillman et al [32] recovered up to 1,520 µg/ml total protein in the ISF of injured human brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Modified in vivo Flow Variation Technique of Microdialysis for Sampling Uremic Toxins in the Subcutaneous Interstitial Compartment

et al. 2011

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Background: Uremic toxins are typically measured in plasma and little is known of their interstitial concentrations. We undertook experiments to validate a microdialysis technique for simultaneous recovery of small and large uremic toxins in the subcutaneous interstitial fluid (ISF). Methods: Microdialysis catheters were inserted into the subcutaneous interstitium of 8 subjects (controls and uremic patients) and perfused using two different solutions at incremental flow rates to determine analyte recovery and ISF concentrations of urea and protein. Results: 10% dextran-40 perfusate allowed the determination of interstitial concentrations of urea and protein reliably, by virtue of the exponential decay of their concentrations in the microdialysate with incremental flow rates (R² = 0.63–0.99). Interstitial and plasma urea correlated well (r = 0.95), as did interstitial urea from distant anatomical sites (r = 0.96). Conclusion: Cutaneous microdialysis with dextran-40 allows measurement of small and large molecule concentrations in ISF, creating an opportunity to characterize ISF in uremia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified in vivo Flow Variation Technique of Microdialysis for Sampling Uremic Toxins in the Subcutaneous Interstitial Compartment

et al. 2011

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“…Some variations of the method have been described (Hillman et al 2005, Hillman et al 2006. In the present study, microdialysis catheters CMA 71 Brain MD (CMA Microdialysis, Sweden) were used in all the cases.…”

Section: Microdialysis -Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuro-inflammatory Sequelae of Minimal Trauma in the Non-traumatized Human Brain: A Microdialysis Study

Bouras

Gatzonis

Georgakoulias

et al. 2021

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Cytokine measurement directly from the brain parenchyma by means of microdialysis has documented the activation of certain procedures in vivo, after brain trauma in humans. However, the intercalation of the micro-catheter insertion with the phenomena triggered by the head trauma renders the assessment of the findings problematic. The present study attempts to elucidate the pure effect of minimal trauma, represented by the insertion of the micro-catheter, on the non-traumatized human brain. Microdialysis catheters were implanted to twelve patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, subjected to invasive electroencephalogram recording with intracranial electrodes. Samples were collected during the first 5 days of monitoring. The dialysate was analyzed using bead flow cytometry, and the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNFa were measured. The levels of IL-1 and IL-8 were found raised until 48 hours post-implantation and thereafter they reached a plateau of presumably basic values. The temporal profile of the IL-6 variation was different, the raise being much prolonged, as its concentration had not returned to basic levels at the fifth day post-insertion. TNFa was found significantly raised only 2 hours after the implantation. Interleukins 10 and 12 did not present any significant response to micro-trauma. These findings, probably more clearly detected in an environment disengaged by the sequelae of severe brain injury, imply that the reaction of the neuro-inflammatory mechanisms of the brain exists even after minimal trauma and is unexpectedly intense concerning IL-6. This response concerns also IL-1, IL-8 and TNFa, while IL-10 and IL-12 may necessitate more severe injuries to be activated. An approach to the question of basic cytokine levels in the normal brain parenchyma is attempted. Finally, questions may rise regarding the objectivity of findings attributed by some studies to inflammatory perturbation after head injury.

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“…The relative recovery is a function of several factors, some of which can be manipulated in the experimental or clinical setting (Plock and Kloft, 2005). With the introduction of catheters with larger membrane pore size a better recovery of higher molecular weight (MW) biomarkers seems to be feasible (Benveniste et al, 1989;Abrahamsson and Winso, 2005;Hillman et al, 2005Hillman et al, , 2006Hutchinson et al, 2005;Rosenbloom et al, 2005Rosenbloom et al, , 2006Tisdall and Smith, 2006;Waelgaard et al, 2006). In this paper we describe an in vitro study determining the relative recovery of the protein S100B alongside the conventional biomarkers glucose, lactate and pyruvate by comparing the 20 kDa CMA70 and 100 kDa CMA71 microdialysis catheters (CMA Microdialysis, Solna, Sweden).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the recovery of S100B protein in cerebral microdialysis: Implications for multimodal monitoring in neurocritical care

Afinowi

Tisdall

Keir

et al. 2009

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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A Microdialysis Technique for Routine Measurement of Macromolecules in the Injured Human Brain

Abstract: Microdialysis catheters with high-cutoff membranes can be used in routine clinical practice, allowing for sampling and analysis of cytokines and other macromolecules.

Cited by 100 publications

References 22 publications

A Modified in vivo Flow Variation Technique of Microdialysis for Sampling Uremic Toxins in the Subcutaneous Interstitial Compartment

A Modified in vivo Flow Variation Technique of Microdialysis for Sampling Uremic Toxins in the Subcutaneous Interstitial Compartment

Neuro-inflammatory Sequelae of Minimal Trauma in the Non-traumatized Human Brain: A Microdialysis Study

Improving the recovery of S100B protein in cerebral microdialysis: Implications for multimodal monitoring in neurocritical care

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