A microdialysis study of glutamate concentration in the hippocampus of rats after TsTX toxin injection and blockade of toxin effects by glutamate receptor antagonists

Nencioni, Ana Leonor Abrahão; Lebrun, Ivo; Dorce, Valquíria Abrão Coronado

doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)01025-0

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These findings agree with Nencioni et al (11) who observed enhanced levels of glutamate for three hours after the toxin injection and no alterations in GABA or glycine levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Based on the toxin kinetics and on the glutamate release profile registered in a previous study, in the current study the collection period was prolonged up to six hours after the injection and other neurotransmitters were analyzed (11,15). It was observed that the toxin injected into the hippocampus did not modify extracellular levels of 5-HIAA, HVA, DOPAC, glycine or GABA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In a previous study, we observed an increase in extracellular levels of glutamate only until three hours after toxin injection (11). Based on the toxin kinetic and on the glutamate release profile observed in that study, we decided to lengthen the time of collection (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…According to Arantes et al (9), TsTX was first isolated by Coutinho Netto in 1975. This α-type sodium channel toxin increases the release of glutamate, acetylcholine and GABA from different preparations of nervous tissue (10)(11)(12)(13). When injected in the dorsal hippocampus of rats, it induces behavioral alterations and epileptic discharges besides neurodegeneration (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, since the previous work by Nencioni et al (11) had indicated the involvement of glutamate in the convulsive/neurodegenerative effect of the toxin; in the present study, we examined the result of pretreatment with riluzole (2-amino-6-trifluoromethoxy benzothiazole, RP54274), a drug that inhibits glutamate release and presents neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and anesthetic properties (16). Nencioni …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurotransmitter evaluation in the hippocampus of rats after intracerebral injection of TsTX scorpion toxin

Nencioni¹,

Barreto²,

Lebrun³

et al. 2009

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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ABSTRACT:TsTX is an α-type sodium channel toxin that stimulates the discharge of neurotransmitters from neurons. In the present study we investigated which neurotransmitters are released in the hippocampus after TsTX injection and if they are responsible for electrographic or histopathological effects. Microdialysis revealed that the toxin increased glutamate extracellular levels in the hippocampus; however, levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were not significantly altered. Neurodegeneration in pyramidal cells of hippocampus and electroencephalographic alterations caused by the toxin were blocked by pretreatment with riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor. The present results suggest a specific activity of TsTX in the hippocampus which affects only glutamate release.

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“…These findings agree with Nencioni et al (11) who observed enhanced levels of glutamate for three hours after the toxin injection and no alterations in GABA or glycine levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Neurotransmitter evaluation in the hippocampus of rats after intracerebral injection of TsTX scorpion toxin

Nencioni¹,

Barreto²,

Lebrun³

et al. 2009

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Cerebellotoxic Agents

Manto

2021

Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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The cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to neurotoxic agents and poisoning. People of all ages can be affected by cerebellar damage due to neurotoxicity, ranging from fetuses to the elderly. Elderly patients are more vulnerable to injury, as well as patients with silent cerebellar lesions, such as preexisting structural lesions. Purkinje neurons are a main target of cerebellotoxic substances. The main causes of TOICS (toxic-induced cerebellar syndrome) are acute and chronic ethanol ingestion, drugs, and environmental exposure. Cerebellar structures are among the most sensitive targets of the central nervous system (CNS) to ethanol intake. In addition to ethanol, drugs such as phenytoin, antineoplastics, lithium salts, and heroin can cause an irreversible cerebellar syndrome. Environmental causes of TOICS include chronic exposure to metals, benzene derivatives, and hyperthermia. Recently, deposits of Gadolinium, a heavy metal of the lanthanide group, have been reported in the cerebellum (dentate nuclei) and globus pallidus following repeated administration of linear Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Both the mechanism of these deposits and their fate are unknown. As a general rule, cerebellar syndromes associated with toxic insults should not be underestimated. In particular, since patients may develop life-threatening edema of the posterior fossa in several circumstances, urgent management may be required. Preventative measures should be considered. The clinical significance of deposits of Gadolinium in the cerebellum is currently undetermined.

show abstract

Cerebellotoxic Agents

Manto

2021

Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A microdialysis study of glutamate concentration in the hippocampus of rats after TsTX toxin injection and blockade of toxin effects by glutamate receptor antagonists

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Neurotransmitter evaluation in the hippocampus of rats after intracerebral injection of TsTX scorpion toxin

Neurotransmitter evaluation in the hippocampus of rats after intracerebral injection of TsTX scorpion toxin

Cerebellotoxic Agents

Cerebellotoxic Agents

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