A micro‐climatological investigation of bath and the surrounding district

Balchin, W. G. V.; Pye, Norman

doi:10.1002/qj.49707331706

Cited by 62 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This period produced some of the most detailed urban climatologies of specific cities that are available. Examples include the thermal studies of Bath, U. K. (Balchin and Pye 1947), Uppsala, Sweden (Sundborg 1951), San Francisco (Duckworth and Sandberg 1954), Ogaki City, Japan (Takahashi 1959), Linz, Austria (Lauscher et al 1959), Vienna (Steinhauser et al 1959), Kumagaya City, Japan (Kawamura 1964) and London, U. K. (Chandler 1965). These studies are considered 'classics' in the field, moreover some include ideas or observations that are 'ahead of their time'.…”

Section: To 1965: Descrjpi10n and Statistical Linkagementioning

confidence: 97%

Climate of Cities

Oke¹

1991

Climate in Human Perspective

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In a review of Helmut Landsberg's book The Urban Climate (L1981-d), I referred to him as "urban climatology's most respected doyen". The subject was enormously enhanced by him having lent his name and interest. During the thirty years of his most direct influence, he helped bring the field from a largely descriptive status to one with a much fuller physical understanding. But more than that he kept a much needed balance between research ideals and practical relevance through his gentle urgings and reminders.In the first part of this paper, I will provide an historical overview of developments and personalities in urban climatology and Landsberg's relation to them. In the second part, I will illustrate his contributions by liberal reference to his own writings on the subject. Finally, we will note some of the professional and personal qualities which combined clearly to set him apart. The Development of Urban ClimatologyThe visually obvious impacts of the growth of CItIes upon the atmosphere were commented upon and studied from the earliest times but it was not until the invention and development of meteorological instruments such as the thermometer, barometer and anemometer that the more subtle aspects of urban climate could be investigated. Developments from that time can be usefully divided into three periods: first, prior to 1930 simple climatographies of individual weather elements were constructed; second, from 1930 to 1965 description was extended to include greater spatial and temporal variability and linkage of climatic effects to weather and urban structure; third, post -1965 emphasis shifted to seek the physical basis of urban effects and to construct models to simulate them. PRIOR TO 1930: DISCOVERY AND DESCRIPTION Luke Howard is credited as the Father of Urban Climatology for his observation, interpretation and reporting of air temperatures within the city of London (at the Royal Society), and at a number of sites, in the then countryside. He reported his findings in two early volumes entitled The Climate of London (Howard 1818(Howard , 1820 and later in a much expanded second edition of three volumes (Howard 1833). Despite what we would now consider to be unrepresentative exposure of thermometers it is clear that he observed, and correctly recognized, the anomalous warmth of the city (both diurnally and seasonally) that we refer to as the urban heat island. Further he hypothesized concerning the cause of this feature and identified almost all of the mechanisms we now consider responsible. His feat was a most auspicious start to the scientific study of city air. 61F. Baer et al. (eds.),

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Section: To 1965: Descrjpi10n and Statistical Linkagementioning

confidence: 97%

Climate of Cities

Oke¹

1991

Climate in Human Perspective

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“…Studies focused on thermal characteristics of urban space, and increasingly on the intensity and spread of UHI. [58][59][60][61][62][63][64] In 1951, the Swedish physical geographer Ake Sundborg published results of a research of the spatiotemporal distribution of temperature in Uppsala that proved signally important in its approach to experimental design, data interpretation, statistical modeling, and theoretical considerations. 65 Sundborg followed pre-War German practitioners in undertaking automobile traverses; he quantified the representativeness of sites and established semiempirical formulas for finding out the diurnal values of thermal differences between urban and rural stations.…”

Section: Urban Climate Studies In Post-war Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

A historical review of urban climatology and the atmospheres of the industrialized world

Janković

2013

WIREs Climate Change

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Although the scientific research in the atmospheres of urban space has been long in existence, it has still not found its proper place in the contemporary historical analysis. The historical emphasis on large‐scale phenomena and the advent of numerical weather prediction has occluded the scientific relevance and social dimension of investigations into small‐scale atmospheric processes. As a result, agricultural, forest, urban, and indoor meteorologies have received relatively little attention to date, as have micro‐climatology, turbulence studies, and the air pollution meteorology. This article provides an outline of the historical and contemporary studies of urban weather and climate in Europe and North America. It looks into the origins of the field, the evolution of main topics of research, and the processes of disciplinary institutionalization. The article suggests that a closer inspection of the developments in urban climatology would permit a more representative account of modern atmospheric sciences and provide a more comprehensive understanding of the contemporary concerns over the anthropogenic climate change. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:539–553. doi: 10.1002/wcc.244 This article is categorized under: Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives

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“…An interesting survey has been made of the climate of the city of Bath in England by the former method (5). The use of cars for making temperature traverses ~6, 7,8) represents an example of the second method.…”

Section: Clikatology and Town Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some aspects of architectural bioclimatology

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1958

I.J.B.B.

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A micro‐climatological investigation of bath and the surrounding district

Cited by 62 publications

References 13 publications

Climate of Cities

Climate of Cities

A historical review of urban climatology and the atmospheres of the industrialized world

Some aspects of architectural bioclimatology

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