“…A number of recent studies have considered the potential for use of the organic fraction of MSW (OFMSW) for energy generation in cities in developing countries (e.g., Aguilar-Virgen et al, 2014;Gebreegziabher et al, 2014;Kumar and Samadder, 2017;Hettiarachchi et al, 2018;Amo-Asamoah et al, 2020;Dehkordi et al, 2020;Paul and Soren, 2020;Rolewicz-Kalinska et al, 2020;Ribeiro et al, 2021;Chaianong and Pharino, 2022). Analysis of the potential energy generation of OFMSW in developing countries suggests significant energy generation, economic and environmental benefits through AD; for example 8.5 × 10 3 kWh y −1 with a value of 1.13 × 10 6 US$ y −1 in Guadalajara, Mexico (Ibarra-Esparza et al, 2022) and 2.2 × 10 9 kWh y −1 with a value of 2.2 × 10 8 US$ y −1 across Malaysia (Khairuddin et al, 2015). Moya et al (2017) estimated that the thermochemical potential for energy generation in Quito, Ecuador, was 5.97 × 10 3 kWh t −1 while the biochemical potential was 6.2 × 10 1 kWh t −1 .…”