A Methodology for Studying Muqarnas: The Extant Examples in Palermo

Garofalo, Vincenza

doi:10.1163/22118993_02701014

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…1130-1140). Later examples, also in Palermo, can be found in the Zisa Palace and the Quba Palace [53][54][55].…”

Section: Preliminary Studies On Muqarnasmentioning

confidence: 98%

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A Deformed Muqarnas Dome at the Sala de los Reyes in the Alhambra: Graphic Analysis of Architectural Heritage

Gámiz-Gordo,

Ferrer-Pérez-Blanco,

Reinoso-Gordo

2023

Heritage

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The muqarnas are small pieces grouped together, adopting surprising three-dimensional forms. They are a symbol of identity of the 14th century Nasrid architecture at Alhambra in Granada. This research’s aim is to graphically analyze the plaster muqarnas dome located to the south of the Sala de los Reyes, in the Palacio de los Leones. The methodology followed combines historical images analysis and modern digital graphic techniques. First, a compilation of unpublished drawings and photographs documenting architectural transformations and significant alterations in the roof structures since the 16th century is provided. Although these muqarnas were drawn by Jones and Goury in the 19th century, the current research identifies and draws, digitally for the first time, its nearly two thousand pieces of this dome. Additionally, metric data of the current state has been collected using 3D laser scanning, revealing significant deformations. In this way, the knowledge of these fragile architectural elements is achieved to promote their heritage dissemination and to facilitate the conservation of a monumental site included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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“…1130-1140). Later examples, also in Palermo, can be found in the Zisa Palace and the Quba Palace [53][54][55].…”

Section: Preliminary Studies On Muqarnasmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On the other hand, there are many studies on muqarnas compositions in the Iberian Peninsula [43][44][45], Morocco [46], the Mediterranean basin [47][48][49], Persia [50], and elsewhere [51,52] Later examples, also in Palermo, can be found in the Zisa Palace and the Quba Palace [53][54][55].…”

Section: Preliminary Studies On Muqarnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Deformed Muqarnas Dome at the Sala de los Reyes in the Alhambra: Graphic Analysis of Architectural Heritage

Gámiz-Gordo,

Ferrer-Pérez-Blanco,

Reinoso-Gordo

2023

Heritage

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“…1c). In recent decades, the use of 3D modelling in plasterworks for the study of muqarnas (Agirbas & Yildiz, 2020;Garofalo, 2010;Maarouf & Zeid, 2019;Schuldes & Winckler, 2005) and the pavilions of the Courtyard of the Lions in the Alhambra has been addressed in order to analyse the levelling of their plasterwork (Ferrer Pérez Blanco, Gámiz Gordo, & Reinoso Gordo, 2019;Gámiz Gordo, Ferrer Pérez Blanco, & Reinoso Gordo, 2020) and get photogrammetric reconstruction (Karabörk, Karasaka, & Yaldız, 2015). As far as the RAS is concerned the new heritage digitization techniques have made it possible to carry out a virtual visit of the complex, based on data obtained from a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) (360º Virtual Tour, 2022), and from the reconstruction hypotheses of the different buildings (Almagro Gorbea, 2007), as well as the models of small decorative elements in plaster obtained by photogrammetry (Torres-González et al, 2022).…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photogrammetric state of degradation assessment of decorative claddings: the plasterwork of the Maidens' Courtyard (The Royal Alcazar of Seville)

Torres‐González

Revuelta

Castillo

2023

Virtual Archaeol. Rev.

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Highlights: The photogrammetric survey demonstrates to be a potential tool in the preventive conservation of ancient plasterworks. The high-precision 3D model allows the study and quantification of alterations (e.g. fissures, deformations, and loss of mass or polychromies). The virtual model and the analysis performed with CloudCompare software provide fast, accurate and accessible results to experts in the field. Abstract: Previous studies and documentation about the state of conservation of architectural or decorative elements are crucial for heritage managers, technicians and researchers to succeed in the maintenance and preservation of the heritage. In this sense, hand tracings, digital drawings, or photographs have traditionally been the methods for alteration and sample mapping. In spite of their effectiveness, these methods have some disadvantages, such as the need for more precision in terms of location, dimensions, quantification and types of alterations. By contrast, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models allow us to analyse decorative ancient plasterworks with great precision, offering considerable advantages over traditional tools for heritage documentation. To facilitate stakeholders’ work and enhance the quality of data collected, this work proposes the use of photogrammetry as a tool for the documentation of polychromed ancient plasterworks, taking the upper frieze of the access door to the Charles V ceiling room in the Royal Alcazar of Seville as a case of study. Thus, the work methodology applied has shown several advantages over previous methods. On the one hand, it was possible to obtain a 2D planimetry from the 3D model; this is an essential step for those responsible for heritage, especially in reports prior to restoration interventions. On the other hand, the 3D model created enables present alterations identification, the location of fissures and cracks in their three dimensions (opening, length and depth), deformations measurement and control, the quantification of mass or polychrome loss, and the detached elements digital reconstruction. In this way, highprecision digital results are quickly obtained and accessible to all the experts involved in the heritage conservation and maintenance plan.

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“…To achieve this goal, essential references concerning the rules about muqarnas layout have been used: Diego López de Arenas' treatise published in Seville in 1633 [24], Fray Andrés de San Miguel's manuscript from the first half of the 17th century, published in 1969 [25], and a recent reinterpretation of this text by Enrique Nuere [26,27]. References to Eastern muqarnas geometry can be seen in Dold-Samplonius (2015) [28] and Garofalo (2010) [29]. Both papers refer to a treatise by the mathematician Al-Kashi from 1425, which is a fundamental reference for studying muqarnas in the Eastern world.…”

Section: New Cad Drawings Following Theoretical Principles On Muqarnamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pavilions at the Alhambra’s Court of the Lions: Graphic Analysis of Muqarnas

2020

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This research documents and graphically analyzes the pavilions muqarnas at the Court of the Lions in the Alhambra in Granada, a World Heritage Site. In order to cast some light on the understanding and preservation of these 14th century architectural elements, after a brief report of historical data on catastrophes and restorations, a novel methodology for the case study based on three complementary graphic analyses is presented here: First, there is a review of outstanding images ranging from the 17th to the 20th centuries; subsequently, new CAD (computer-aided design) drawings from pavilions muqarnas testing the theoretic principles from their geometric grouping are accomplished for the first time; and finally, a 3D laser scanner is used to understand the precise present-day state from the point cloud obtained. Comparing drawings allows us to assess the muqarnas relevance while proving, for the first time, that the muqarnas of both pavilions have distinct configurations and different amounts of pieces. Besides, this process reveals geometric deformations existing in the original Nasrid muqarnas compositions, identifying small pieces hitherto unknown, plus additional deformations resulting from adjustments after important threats that both pavilions and their muqarnas overcame for centuries, despite their fragile construction.

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A Methodology for Studying Muqarnas: The Extant Examples in Palermo

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

A Deformed Muqarnas Dome at the Sala de los Reyes in the Alhambra: Graphic Analysis of Architectural Heritage

A Deformed Muqarnas Dome at the Sala de los Reyes in the Alhambra: Graphic Analysis of Architectural Heritage

Photogrammetric state of degradation assessment of decorative claddings: the plasterwork of the Maidens' Courtyard (The Royal Alcazar of Seville)

The Pavilions at the Alhambra’s Court of the Lions: Graphic Analysis of Muqarnas

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