A methodology based on parking policy to promote sustainable mobility in college campuses

Abstract

Many university campuses are suffering from serious mobility problems resulting from excessive use of the private car by students, teachers and administrative staff. This article proposes a methodology based on a revealed and stated preferences survey aimed at estimating the importance of different variables on users mobility choices in order to simulate their reaction to policies such as the introduction of new modes of transport or charging for on campus parking. This estimation was based on a Mixed Logit model considering the possible presence of heterogeneity in user preferences. The introduction of these results into an optimization model has also allowed us to calculate the optimal parking fare that should be charged which would minimize the number of free spaces on campus or maximize the income received. This methodology has been applied to a case study at the campus of the University of Cantabria (Spain). The elasticities calculated using a Mixed Logit model confirm that setting a fare for parking on campus would be a serious disincentive against private car use in favor of more sustainable transport modes. Furthermore, the optimization model allowed us to calculate the fare that would maximize the income obtained from the parking spaces, an income that could then be used to strengthen the campus sustainable mobility policies.

Survey to Explore Behavior, Intelligent Transportation Systems Needs, and Level of Service Expectations for Student Parking at a University Campus

“…The proposed LOS criteria for parking search time, in the same format as the Highway Capacity Manual ( 5 ), are shown in Table 4. The maximum acceptable search time was found to be 15 min, beyond which the LOS is F. In two separate studies, Moradkhany et al ( 31 ) and dell’Olio et al ( 32 ) assumed the maximum parking search time was 15 min, which was consistent with the finding in the present study.…”

Practices and politics of mobility on a university campus : the case of the University of Lausanne (Switzerland)

“…Dans le cas spécifique des campus, les recherches identifient souvent une forte dépendance à la voiture (Cattaneo et al, 2018 ;Choplin et Delage, 2011 ;dell'Olio et al, 2019 ;Melia et Clark, 2018 ;Tolley, 1996), qui est d'autant plus prégnante lorsqu'ils sont éloignés du centre-ville (Vale et al, 2018). Des divergences apparaissent au sein des communautés universitaires.…”

“…Ce dernier point ouvre la discussion sur l'offre de transport des campus et les politiques afférentes. (Cattaneo et al, 2018 ;dell'Olio et al, 2019 ;Melia et Clark, 2018 ;Tolley, 1996). La promotion de moyens alternatifs se heurte alors au manque d'aménagements dédiés, à l'absence de reconnaissance des mobilités actives et à la durée plus longue des déplacements en transports en commun (Miralles-Guasch et Domene, 2010).…”

Willingness to change car use to commute to the UPTC main campus, Colombia: A hybrid discrete choice modeling approach

“…At the beginning of the survey, individuals were faced with a stated preference experiment in a choice context in which drivers who do not share their car will be charged. According to our literature review, charging for on-campus parking appears to be a key policy that could change the travel patterns of car users and increase the utility of using alternative transportation modes (dell'Olio et al, 2018). Furthermore, the strategy of proposing changes in parking pricing has been used successfully in stated preference surveys to assess the participants' responsiveness to shifting transportation towards sustainable modes (e.g., Riggs, 2014 Currently, the UPTC main campus subsidizes parking by providing it at no charge.…”