“…This difficulty can be handled by using a combination of heterogeneous sensors, such as cameras, LiDARs, marine radars, and other navigational aids, as these sensors have different detection ranges and characteristics that can complement each other. Some studies (Cheng et al, 2021;Clunie et al, 2021;Elkins et al, 2010;Haghbayan et al, 2018;Han et al, 2020Han et al, , 2017Helgesen et al, 2019Helgesen et al, , 2022Hermann et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2022) have addressed multisensor fusion and tracking of maritime objects. While most of the existing studies have focused on sensor fusion for object detection in an open sea, we applied the detection algorithm to cover a large range from narrow waterways to open nearshore environments.…”