A method to calculate the cumulative energy demand (CED) of lignite extraction

Rohrlich, M.; Mistry, Mark; Martens, Per Nicolai; Buntenbach, Stefan; Ruhrberg, Martin; Dienhart, Matthias; Briem, Sebastian; Quinkertz, Rainer; Alkan, Zeynel; Kugeler, Kurt

doi:10.1007/bf02978675

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The cumulative energy demand method (CED) makes it possible to define the cumulative energy demand (expressed in GJ) for particular stages of the lifecycle [74,75]. The reults of the CED analysis were the input value for determining the value of the integrated efficiency index from energy costs, from the time of the return on energy costs for modernization, and from the modernization indicator in relation to energy costs.…”

Section: Determining Costs With the Aid Of The Lca Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Wind Power Plant Modernization

et al. 2020

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The production of energy in wind power plants is regarded as ecologically clean because there being no direct emissions of harmful substances during the conversion of wind energy into electricity. The production and operation of wind power plant components make use of the significant potential of materials such as steel, plastics, concrete, oils, and greases. Energy is also used, which is a source of potential negative environmental impacts. Servicing a wind farm power plant during its operational years, which lasts most often 25 years, followed by its disassembly, involves energy expenditures as well as the recovery of post-construction material potential. There is little research in the world literature on models and methodologies addressing analyses of the environmental and energy aspects of wind turbine modernization, whether in reference to turbines within their respective lifecycles or to those which have already completed them. The paper presents an attempt to solve the problems of wind turbine modernization in terms of balancing energy and material potentials. The aim of sustainable modernization is to overhaul: assemblies, components, and elements of wind power plants to extend selected phases as well as the lifecycle thereof while maintaining a high quality of power and energy; high energy, environmental, and economic efficiency; and low harmfulness to operators, operational functions, the environment, and other technical systems. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology to assess the efficiency of energy and environmental costs incurred during the 25-year lifecycle of a 2 MW wind power plant and of the very same power plant undergoing sustainable modernization to extend its lifecycle to 50 years. The analytical and research procedure conducted is a new model and methodological approach, one which is a valuable source of data for the sustainable lifecycle management of wind power plants in an economy focused on process efficiency and the sustainability of energy and material resources.

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Section: Determining Costs With the Aid Of The Lca Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Wind Power Plant Modernization

et al. 2020

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“…It needs to be clarified that the concept of Energy Footprint has been used either for specific industrial processes (processing with the LCA methodology) or to calculate whole countries' energy footprints (such as in this research, using the GMRIO methodology). Generally, when the term Energy Footprint is used to calculate the external energy use of specific industrial manufacturing or resource extraction processes, the concept Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) is used and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology is more frequent (Röhrlich et al, 2000), (Huijbregts et al, 2010), (Puig et al, 2013). Nevertheless, in this research, Energy Footprint specifically refers to the CBA energy consumption of a determinate whole country.…”

Section: Accounting For Total Primary Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling between human development and energy consumption within footprint accounts

Akizu‐Gardoki

Bueno

Wiedmann

et al. 2018

Journal of Cleaner Production

107

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Historically, the growth of energy consumption has fuelled human development, but this approach is no longer socially and environmentally sustainable. Recent analyses suggest that some individual countries have responded to this issue successfully by decoupling Total Primary Energy Supply from human development increase. However, globalisation and international trade have allowed high-income countries to outsource industrial production to lower income countries, thereby increasingly relying on foreign energy use to satisfy their own consumption of goods and services. Accounting for the import of embodied energy in goods and services, this study proposes an alternative estimation of the Decoupling Index based on the Total Primary Energy Footprint rather than Total Primary Energy Supply. An analysis of 126 countries over the years 2000-2014 demonstrates that previous studies based on energy supply highly overestimated decoupling. Footprint-based results, on the other hand, show an overall decrease of the Decoupling Index for most countries (93 out of 126). There is a reduction of the number of both absolutely decoupled countries (from 40 to 27) and relatively decoupled countries (from 29 to 17), and an increase of coupled countries (from 55 to 80). Furthermore, the study shows that decoupling is not a phenomenon characterising only high-income countries due to improvements in energy efficiency, but is also occurring in countries with low Human Development Index and low energy consumption. Finally, six exemplary countries have been identified, which were able to maintain a continuous decoupling trend. From these exemplary countries, lessons have been identified in order to boost the necessary global decoupling of energy consumption and achieved welfare.

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“…The EcoPoints method [35] analyses the emissions based on 13 impact categories based on significant elements emitted to the environment: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxide (NO x ), sulphur oxide (SO x ), ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrogen (N), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), phosphorous (P), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr). The CED (Cumulative Energy Demand) method [36] analyses the environmental effects based on the energy consumption in the form of fossil fuels, nuclear, renewables, and non-renewables. Figure 7 depicts the CED, and CML LCA approaches.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Life Cycle Environmental Impact Analysis of Lithium-Ion (LiIo) and Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries

et al. 2019

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Batteries have been extensively used in many applications; however, very little is explored regarding the possible environmental impacts for their whole life cycle, even though a lot of studies have been carried out for augmenting performance in many ways. This research paper addresses the environmental effects of two different types of batteries, lithium-ion (LiIo) and nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, in terms of their chemical constituents. Life cycle impact analysis has been carried out by the CML, ReCiPe, EcoPoints 97, IPCC, and CED methods. The impacts are considered in categories such as global warming, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity. The results reveal that there is a significant environmental impact caused by nickel-metal hydride batteries in comparison with lithium-ion batteries. The reason behind these impacts is the relatively large amount of toxic chemical elements which are present as constituents of NiMH batteries. It can be anticipated that a better environmental performance can be achieved through optimization, especially by cautiously picking the constituents, taking into account the toxicity aspects, and by minimizing the impacts related to these chemicals.

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A method to calculate the cumulative energy demand (CED) of lignite extraction

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Sustainable Wind Power Plant Modernization

Sustainable Wind Power Plant Modernization

Decoupling between human development and energy consumption within footprint accounts

Comparative Life Cycle Environmental Impact Analysis of Lithium-Ion (LiIo) and Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries

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