A method of increasing the energy density of layered Ni-rich Li[Ni_1−2xCo_xMn_x]O₂ cathodes (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2)

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, long cycle life, and appropriate safety levels are necessary to facilitate the penetration of electrified transportation systems into the automobile market.

Recent Progress and Perspective of Advanced High‐Energy Co‐Less Ni‐Rich Cathodes for Li‐Ion Batteries: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

“…Both NCM811 in the fully charged state at 4.3 V and after cycling, NCA 88 cathodes showed severe microcracks due to the large variation in the c ‐axis, although the microcracks were nonuniform (Figure 7c). [ 70,74 ] Transition metals such as Co, Mn, and Al in LiNiO 2 cathode help in achieving structural stability through the smooth phase transition; however, the unwanted structural degradation and deleterious oxygen loss at high cutoff voltage have been not suppressed until now.…”

Surface/Interface Structure Degradation of Ni‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes toward Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Fundamental Mechanisms and Remedying Strategies

“…Therefore, it would be an even better avenue by operating the Ni‐rich cathodes at higher cutoff potentials (>4.3 V), rather than simply pursue the cathodes with higher content Ni to enhance their energy densities and maintain adequate thermal stability (Figure d). Typically, the NCM622 cathode cycled up to 4.5 V can deliver a comparable discharge capacity, capacity retention and thermal stability to those of the NCM811 cycled up to 4.3 V …”

“…Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. d) Overview of the relationship between the energy density and exothermic peak temperature of the NCM cathodes (NCM622, NCM811, and NCM90) with cutoff potentials of 4.3 and 4.5 V. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…Therefore, within the past decades, worldwide efforts focusing on the surface/interface modifications have been devoted to regulate the chemical and/or physical properties of the cathodes . More significantly, microstructure degradation during accelerated calendar aging structural evolution under high voltages and elevated temperature conditions and oxygen release phenomenon as well as several new insights into the cation disorder concerning the Ni‐rich cathodes have been lately uncovered by various means. A comprehensive summary of the advancements in the field of Ni‐rich cathodes has been reported recently, but an overview of the fundamental origins governing these surface/interface behaviors has yet to be completely realized.…”

High‐Power and High‐Energy Cu‐Substituted LixNi0.88–yCoyMn0.1Cu0.02O2 Cathode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries

“…Various elements were used to improve the properties of the layered oxides such as other transition metal (Ti, Zr, Nb, Fe, Cr, Cu), [3 4–41 ] rare earths (La, Ce, Pr, Y), [ 42–45 ] posttransition metal (Zn), [ 46 ] and sp elements (Al, Mg). [ 47–50 ] Depending on the crystal structure and the nature of the substituting atom, electrochemical performance of the electrode is differently modified.…”