A method of formulating energy load profile for domestic buildings in the UK

The implications of heat electrification on national electrical supply-demand balance under published 2050 energy scenarios

“…The heating profile from Woods and Dickson [28] was utilised to model hourly domestic space heating demands, this profile originates from a district heating scheme of a social housing complex and was used because aggregate sub-daily gas demand data is not readily available for the UK and the modelling developed here required a separation of domestic and non-domestic demand. The profile used, is however, similar to that reported in work by Sansom and Strbac [42] and Yao and Steemers [43]. Further work would benefit from further investigation of robust representative aggregate domestic heating profiles.…”

Discrete elastic residential load response under variable pricing schemes

“…End-use, or bottom up approaches, provides the capability to capture consumer behavior and appliance operation at the LV level. Bottom-up models require demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and appliance operation data [3]- [5]. Using these data, timevarying probabilities for consumer occupancy and activity can be extrapolated for which appliance operation is dependent.…”

Establishing the zero-carbon performance of compact urban dwellings

“…The base load is 25% lower than the base load as established by Yao and Steemers (2005) and the assumption was made due to the higher efficiency of the appliances and lighting. Seasonal variations were not considered as stated in the BREDEM model and apart from the energy consumed in extract fans, internal heat gain to each apartment is equal to the electricity used for appliances and lighting together with 90% of the energy required for cooking (Anderson et al, 2001).…”