A method of circulating and sampling the rumen contents of sheep fed on ground, pelleted foods

Sutherland, T. M.; Ellis, W. C.; Reid, R. S.; Murray, Moira G.

doi:10.1079/bjn19620059

Cited by 23 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The pump was based on an idea used by Sutherland et al (1962), but with an improved design and different materials. The basic principle was that of changing pressures in a large chamber at either ends of which were placed one way rubber 'flap' valves.…”

Section: Development Of the Rumen Juid Circulation Pumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of nitrogen into rumen bacterial fractions of steers given protein- and urea-containing diets. Ammonia assimilation into intracellular bacterial amino acids

1983

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1. Experiments were carried out in vivo to investigate the pathways of ammonia incorporation into rumen bacteria, bacterial fractions and free amino acids within the bacteria.2. Steers were alternately given two isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets containing the nitrogen mainly as either urea or decorticated groundnut meal (DCGM). At the end of each period on a given diet, a solution of l5NH,C1 was infused into the rumen and samples of rumen contents were removed at 2, 10, 20 and 90 min and 5, 10 and 24 h afterwards. Concentrations of ammonia and its 16N enrichment were determined and samples of mixed rumen bacteria were prepared. Bacteria were disrupted ultrasonically and separated into bacterial protein, cell wall and protein-free cell supernatant fractions. Amino acids were separated after hydrolysis and their 15N contents determined.3. A rumen fluid circulation pump was developed so that representative samples could be taken at very short time intervals after the introduction of the 15N label.4. Rumen pH changes, rumen fluid dilution rates and patterns of rumen ammonia concentrations were consistent with normal rumen metabolism. Net bacterial synthesis (as calculated from the net outflow of bacteria from the rumen) was significantly (P < 0.05) greater with the DCGM diet (12.4 g bacterial N/d) than with the urea diet (9.24 g bacterial N/d).5. With both diets the 16N label rapidly left the rumen ammonia pool and entered the rumen bacteria. Analysis of the bacterial fractions indicated that the label appeared rapidly in the protein-free cell supernatant fraction and more slowly in the bacterial protein and cell wall fractions.6. With the DCGM diet bacteria apparently utilized intracellular label less efficiently than with the urea diet. The proportion of N in the protein-free cell supernatant was higher with the DCGM diet, suggesting increased levels of intracellular amino acids and peptides, following extracellular protein degradation.7. Levels of enrichment of the amino acids alanine and glutamate in the protein-free cell supernatant fraction suggested that the enzymes alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1 .4.1.1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1 . 4 . 1 . 2 and 1 .4.1.4) may be the major enzymes for assimilating ammonia when concentrations of soluble carbohydrate and rumen ammonia are high in the rumen.8. The high levels of intracellular alanine are discussed with reference to published work on the excretion of alanine by rumen bacteria.

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Section: Development Of the Rumen Juid Circulation Pumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of nitrogen into rumen bacterial fractions of steers given protein- and urea-containing diets. Ammonia assimilation into intracellular bacterial amino acids

1983

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“…In early studies, Gray et al (12) simply steam distilled rumen fluid to release all VFA and determined the concentration of radioactivity in the distillate after determining the total VFA present by titration. This method is still used by some workers (30). Weller et al (34) subsequently showed that the SR of a single labelled VFA could be used to give satisfactory estimate of the net flux of all three major VFA.…”

Section: Sample Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Methane Production From Ruminants

Makkar¹,

Vercoe²

2007

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Estimation of Ruminal Methane Production From Measurement of Volatile Fatty Acid Production

Hegarty

Nolan²

2007

Measuring Methane Production From Ruminants

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A method of circulating and sampling the rumen contents of sheep fed on ground, pelleted foods

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Incorporation of nitrogen into rumen bacterial fractions of steers given protein- and urea-containing diets. Ammonia assimilation into intracellular bacterial amino acids

Incorporation of nitrogen into rumen bacterial fractions of steers given protein- and urea-containing diets. Ammonia assimilation into intracellular bacterial amino acids

Measuring Methane Production From Ruminants

Estimation of Ruminal Methane Production From Measurement of Volatile Fatty Acid Production

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