A Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Chlorogenic Acid and Sesquiterpene Lactone Content in Industrial Chicory Root Foodstuffs

Abstract

A method for the simultaneous determination of free chlorogenic acids (CGA) and sesquiterpene lactones (STL) in chicory root and its dried (flour) and roasted (grain) forms is described. The method uses one extraction and one analysis for all chicory root products. Various solvents with low to high polarity, such as methanol, chloroform, or n-hexane, were tested alone, in combination in different proportions or with acidified or neutral aqueous solvent. The water/chloroform/methanol (30/30/40, v/v/v) mixture generated the best extraction yield, 21% higher than alcohol mixtures. The profiling of CGA and STL content was performed through a conventional HPLC-DAD method using a PFP core shell column in a fast single run. Good retention time and area repeatability (RDD mean % 0.46 and 5.6, resp.) and linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.96) were obtained. The STL and chlorogenic acids levels determined were 254.7 and 100.2 μg/g of dry matter in the root, 792.5 and 1,547 μg/g in flour, and 160.4 and 822.5 μg/g in the roasted grains, respectively. With an average recovery of 106% and precision of 90%, this method is rapid, reproducible, and straightforward way to quantify the chlorogenic acids and STL in chicory raw material and end products.

Identification and Functional Characterization of Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Caffeoylquinic Acids in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

“…Although sunflower sprouts accumulate much higher level of 1,5-diCQA than globe artichoke and chicory (Pandino et al, 2011; Willeman et al, 2014), our results did not provide a strong evidence to support the role of HaHQTs and HaHCTs in diCQA biosynthesis. Therefore, mechanisms behind biosynthesis of diCQAs remain unclear.…”

Core–shell microspheres with porous nanostructured shells for liquid chromatography

“…Reprinted with permission from [154] using Kinetex 2.6 μm PFP particles, which offered different selectivity due to π-π and H-F interaction. The unique selectivity of PFP phase (Kinetex 2.6 μm) was also demonstrated in the separation of positional isomers chlorogenic acids and sesquiterpene lactones in chicory root without additional purification step [156,157]. Simonovska et al developed a rapid separation method to determine lutein in spinach pigments extract (xanthophylls, all-trans-violaxanthin, all-transzeaxanthin and all-trans-lutein, chlorophylls and all-transβ-carotene) on a Kinetex 2.6 μm C18 column in <13 min [158].…”

“…Anthocyanins antioxidant was better separated using Kinetex 2.6 μm PFP particles, which offered different selectivity due to π–π and H‐F interaction. The unique selectivity of PFP phase (Kinetex 2.6 μm) was also demonstrated in the separation of positional isomers chlorogenic acids and sesquiterpene lactones in chicory root without additional purification step . Simonovska et al.…”

Core-Shell Columns in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Food Analysis Applications

“…A method for the simultaneous determination of free chlorogenic acids and sesquiterpene lactones in chicory root and its dried (flour) and roasted (grain) forms has been described by Willeman et al, 2014 [ 37 ]. The quantitative analytic method on conventional HPLC-DAD has involved a polar reverse-phase column Kinetex PFP, chosen because of its ability to separate positional isomers.…”