A method for the determination of some organophosphorus insecticides in human serum

Potter, M. De; Müller, R

doi:10.1007/bf02302397

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Theoretical considerations concerning this question are based on oxime pharmacokinetic data obtained in healthy volunteers (Thompson et al 1987;Farrar et al 1990;Willems and Belpaire 1991). Neither is it known which plasma concentration is needed, and for how long, to counteract the possible long persistence of the AChE inhibitor in the body (Boelcke et al 1970;De Potter et al 1978;Mahieu et al 1982;Willems and Belpaire 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plasma concentrations of pralidoxime methylsulphate in organophosphorus poisoned patients

Willems

Langenberg²,

Verstraete³

et al. 1992

Arch Toxicol

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Using pharmacokinetic data from healthy human volunteers in a bicompartmental pharmacokinetic model, a repeated dose scheme for pralidoxime methylsulphate (Contrathion) was developed producing plasma levels remaining above the assumed "therapeutic concentration" of 4 mg.l-1. Using the same data, it was found that a concentration of 4 mg.l-1 could also be obtained by a loading dose of 4.42 mg.kg-1 followed by a maintenance dose of 2.14 mg.kg-1.h-1. In order to study the pharmacokinetic behaviour of pralidoxime in poisoned patients, this continuous infusion scheme was then applied in nine cases of organophosphorus poisoning (agents: ethyl parathion, ethyl and methyl parathion, dimethoate and bromophos), and the pralidoxime plasma levels were determined. The mean plasma levels obtained in the various patients varied between 2.12 and 9 mg.l-1. Pharmacokinetic data were calculated, giving a total body clearance of 0.57 +/- 0.27 l.kg-1.h-1 (mean +/- SD), an elimination half-life of 3.44 +/- 0.90 h, and a volume of distribution of 2.77 +/- 1.45 l.kg-1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Plasma concentrations of pralidoxime methylsulphate in organophosphorus poisoned patients

Willems

Langenberg²,

Verstraete³

et al. 1992

Arch Toxicol

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“…The persistence of OP insecticides in humans, as seen in some of our patients after the oral intake of high doses, has been described previously (Boelcke et al 1970;De Potter et al 1978;Mahieu et al 1982). From animal experiments it is known that OP agents are widely distributed all over the mammalian body which contributes to their slow elimination (Braeckman et al 1980;Eigenberg et al 1983;Pefia-Egido et al 1988;Nielsen et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Cholinesterase reactivation in organophosphorus poisoned patients depends on the plasma concentrations of the oxime pralidoxime methylsulphate and of the organophosphate

et al. 1993

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We measured in nine patients, poisoned by organophosphorus agents (ethyl parathion, ethyl and methyl parathion, dimethoate, or bromophos), erythrocyte and serum cholinesterase activities, and plasma concentrations of the organophosphorus agent. These patients were treated with pralidoxime methylsulphate (Contrathion), administered as a bolus injection of 4.42 mg.kg-1 followed by a continuous infusion of 2.14 mg.kg-1/h, a dose regimen calculated to obtain the presumed "therapeutic" plasma level of 4 mg.l-1, or by a multiple of this infusion rate. Oxime plasma concentrations were also measured. The organophosphorus agent was still detectable in some patients after several days or weeks. In the patients with ethyl and methyl several days or weeks. In the patients with ethyl and methyl parathion poisoning, enzyme reactivation could be obtained in some at oxime concentrations as low as 2.88 mg.l-1; in others, however, oxime concentrations as high as 14.6 mg.l-1 remained without effect. The therapeutic effect of the oxime seemed to depend on the plasma concentrations of ethyl and methyl parathion, enzyme reactivation being absent as long as these concentrations remained above 30 micrograms.l-1. The bromophos poisoning was rather mild, cholinesterases were moderately inhibited and increased under oxime therapy. The omethoate inhibited enzyme could not be reactivated.

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“…The HD clearance 200 JOURNAL O F APPLIED TOXICOLOGY,VOL.l, NO. 4,1981 remains constant during treatment with a mean of 93.7 ml min-'. The HP clearance is of the same magnitude until the 9th hour, then it declines constantly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Combined hemoperfusion‐hemodialysis in organophosphate poisoning

Nagler

Braeckman

Verpooten

et al. 1981

J of Applied Toxicology

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We report on a patient treated with combined prolonged hemoperfusion (HP, Adsorba 300 C, Gambro, Sweden) and hemodialysis (HD, C-DAK 1.2, Cordis Dow, USA) for severe dimethoate poisoning. This procedure was adopted since the combination of dialysis and adsorption may improve overall drug removal. Combined HP-HD was performed during 24 h using the same charcoal column and dialyser. Adequate heparinization was obtained by monitoring the whole blood activated partial thromboplastin time. The patient (a 34-year-old female) ingested approximately 10 g of dimethoate (Teletox 10) in a suicide attempt, 30 min before admission to the hospital. On admission, serum level of dimethoate (analysed by gas chromatography) was 2340 ng ml-1. She received conventional treatment and combined HP-HD was started within 2 h after admission. At this time serum levels had risen to 3110 ng ml-1. However, they declined constantly during the epuration and after 18 h no more dimethoate could be detected in the serum. She was discharged 3 days after treatment. During the 24 h of HP-HD treatment, 110.8 mg dimethoate entered the epuration system via the plasma. 55.3 mg were extracted by the charcoal column and 25.3 mg by hemodialysis.

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A method for the determination of some organophosphorus insecticides in human serum

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Plasma concentrations of pralidoxime methylsulphate in organophosphorus poisoned patients

Plasma concentrations of pralidoxime methylsulphate in organophosphorus poisoned patients

Cholinesterase reactivation in organophosphorus poisoned patients depends on the plasma concentrations of the oxime pralidoxime methylsulphate and of the organophosphate

Combined hemoperfusion‐hemodialysis in organophosphate poisoning

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