A Method for Studying Isolated Resistance Vessels from Rabbit Mesentery and Brain and Their Responses to Drugs

Uchida, Eiichi; Bohr, David F.; Hoobler, Sibley W.

doi:10.1161/01.res.21.4.525

Cited by 68 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although a number of investigators have shown that isolated preparations of cerebral blood vessels respond to vasoactive substances, 12 " 16 the contraction of these vessels to neurogenic transmitter in vitro has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Nielsen et al 3 have shown that tyramine will induce a dose-related 336 (12) 29 (7) BEVAN, BEVAN response in the isolated middle cerebral artery of the cat, and that this effect, in part at any rate, is dependent upon the release of adrenergic transmitter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 These findings are consistent with observations that the adrenergic innervation of the basilar artery in the rabbit is similar in position and density to that seen in many other arteries, 4 -18 but that the transmitter threshold is higher in cerebral vessels than in other regions. 12 The basis of the difference in reactivity to sympathetic neural influence of the caudal basilar and the ear artery, and between the caudal basilar and the vertebral and distal basilar, is not known. Our observations show that differences in the number of muscle cell layers in the vessel wall do not form the basis of these differences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Localized Neurogenic Vasoconstriction of the Basilar Artery

Bevan¹,

Bevan²

1973

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Abstract:Localized Neurogenic Vasoconstriction of the Basilar Artery• Ring segments from the caudal end of the basilar artery of the rabbit contract to electrical stimulation of their intramural nerve supply more than those from adjacent parts of the vertebral and the rostral three-fourths of the basilar arteries. The magnitude of developed neurogenic tension is approximately one-fourth that of the ear artery, a highly reactive muscular artery. The position of this reactive arterial segment suggests its role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. The density and morphological characteristics of this innervation are similar to those of other arteries in the same animal. Despite these findings the functional importance of the autonomic innervation of the cerebral vessels has not been established experimentally. Until recently the consensus was that the cerebral vasculature is relatively unresponsive to nervous activity. 5-° Although this has been questioned recently by a number of investigators, in particular, D'Alecy and Feigl, 7 the role of the innervation of the cerebral vasculature is somewhat of an enigma.We have studied in vitro the neurogenic response of the basilar and the rostral ends of the vertebral arteries of the rabbit. A new method designed to utilize ring segments of small vessels was adopted. 8 MethodsThe basilar, the rostral end of the vertebral arteries, and the proximal end of the ear artery were rapidly removed from exsanguinated adult white rabbits of either sex and placed in Krebs bicarbonate solution equilibrated with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 at room temperature. The

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localized Neurogenic Vasoconstriction of the Basilar Artery

Bevan¹,

Bevan²

1973

Stroke

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“…Our findings also are consistent with the results of three in vitro studies. Uchida and his colleagues 16 found that cerebral arteries 50 to 250 y. in diameter displayed weak vasoconstrictor responses to large concentrations of norepinephrine. Similarly, Nielsen and Owman 17 and Toda and Fujita 18 found that strips from large cerebral arteries showed relatively weak contractile responses to norepinephrine.…”

Section: 7mentioning

confidence: 98%

Determinants of Response of Pial Arteries to Norepinephrine and Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation

Wei

Raper

Kontos

et al. 1975

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Determinants of Response of Pial Arteries to Norepinephrine and Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation• Feline pial arteries larger than 100 M in diameter constricted in response to cervical sympathetic nerve stimulation or in response to topical application of norepinephrine. Smaller pial arteries were unresponsive to norepinephrine. This unresponsiveness persisted when norepinephrine was dissolved in CSF with high calcium ion concentration, or in CSF with both high calcium ion and zero magnesium ion concentration, or when it was dissolved in the acid fluid used by Wahl et al. and applied by constant infusion or by intermittent application. Comparison of the responses of the larger pial vessels to norepinephrine and to sympathetic nerve stimulation suggests that maximal activation of sympathetic nerves achieves a concentration of released norepinephrine equal to 5.9 X 10 8 M. The constriction of the larger pial vessels in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation could account for modest reductions in cerebral blood flow.Additional Key Words cat vasoconstriction catecholamines neurogenic control of cerebral blood flow• Despite extensive study there is still considerable disagreement concerning the physiological importance of neurogenic control of cerebral blood vessels. 13Studies utilizing pressure and flow measurements have yielded contradictory results. Much of the disagreement is related to problems with the techniques of measuring blood flow. 2 A different approach, not subject to these objections, is the direct observation of the blood vessels on the surface of the brain. In an earlier study 4 we were unable to establish a physiological basis for neurogenic control of the cerebral circulation via changes in the activity of adrenergic fibers innervating the smaller cerebral arterioles. In that study we found that, although pial arteries smaller than 100 M in diameter were richly innervated by adrenergic nerve fibers, they were unresponsive to high concentrations of topically applied norepinephrine and isoproterenol and were equally unresponsive to maximal electrical stimulation of the cerebral sympathetic nerves. These results were in apparent conflict with the findings of other investigators who had shown significant vasoconstriction in response to either epinephrine or

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“…Thus, various devices for the recording of contractile activity of cylindrical segments perfused intra-and extraluminally have been reported. For instance, a large (0.5 mm or more outer diameter) artery, or a much smaller one was isolated and perfused with solution at a constant pressure or flow volume ; and 1) the change in isometric tension can be measured by passing two wire hooks through the vessel wall, and connecting them to a strain gauge (Cohen et al 1984) ; 2) the external vessel diameter can be recorded by means of a photoelectric (Sakaguchi et al 1979;Schabert et al 1980) or an ultrasonic device (Angus et al 1983) ; 3) the change in perfusion pressure at the proximal site can be measured (Uchida et al 1967) ; 4) Teflon® (Lusamvuku et al 1980) or stainless steel (Hongo and Chiba 1983) tubing can be inserted into the lumen and be connected to a perfusion circuit, which acts as a series resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-line recording of vascular resistance in isolated canine renal artery by use of a differential pressure transducer.

Nakayama

1987

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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NAKAYAMA, K. On-Line Recording of Vascular Resistance in Isolated CanineRenal Artery by Use of a Differential Pressure Transducer. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1987, 152 (3), 259-267 For the assessment of the validity of the perfusion system of vascular segments, both isolated canine renal artery in cylindrical form and artificial tubing were perfused intra-and extraluminally, and vascular resistance was continuously recorded by use of a differential pressure transducer. The model experiments using artificial tubing showed that the vascular resistance, inversely related to outflow and differential pressure, enormously increased when the lumen was occluded more than 85% of the control. Various agonistic stimuli such as norepinephrine, phenylephrine, methoxamine, prostaglandin Fza and 5-hydroxytryptamine, when administered intraluminally, increased the vascular resistance, while verapamil and papaverine decreased it. Transmural electrical stimulation also increased the resistance which was susceptible to tetrodotoxin. The removal of endothelium by infusion of saponin augmented the contractile responses to agonistic stimuli such as norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine. The results indicate that the present perfusion method seems to be a good alternative for studying contractile activity and endothelium function of isolated vascular tissues.intraluminal perfusion ; differential pressure ; vascular resistance ; canine renal artery ; endothelium When the contractile activity of isolated vascular tissue is studied it is important to record the changes in internal diameter or wall tension under conditions as the comparable to in vivo as possible. Spiral and ring segment preparations have been often employed for the study of contractile function in vascular smooth muscle. Recently, the obligatory role of endothelial cells in the regulation of vascular tone has been well recognized (Furchgott and Zawadzki 1980), which has accelerated the development of methods for separated intra-and extraluminal perfusion of the isolated artery. For the understanding of the mechanisms of drug action and the interaction of medial smooth muscle with endothelium or with perivascular nervous elements, the access direction either from the intimal side or adventitial one seems to be crucial. Differential pressure

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A Method for Studying Isolated Resistance Vessels from Rabbit Mesentery and Brain and Their Responses to Drugs

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

Localized Neurogenic Vasoconstriction of the Basilar Artery

Localized Neurogenic Vasoconstriction of the Basilar Artery

Determinants of Response of Pial Arteries to Norepinephrine and Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation

On-line recording of vascular resistance in isolated canine renal artery by use of a differential pressure transducer.

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