A method for simultaneously monitoring phloem and xylem reconnections in grafted watermelon seedlings

Xu, Jianuo; Wei, Xiaoyang; Xiong, Mu; Zhang, Ting; Liu, Changjin; Bie, Zhilong; Huang, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111058

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…Phloem and xylem connectivity were measured by Esculin and acid fuchsin movement across the graft union, respectively [ 41 ]. To assay phloem connections, 0.4 g of Esculin was dissolved in 20 mL of 60% Acetonitrile.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Analysis of Anatomical and Sugar Contents Identifies How Night Temperatures Regulate the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Pumpkin

Liang,

Liu,

Shi

et al. 2024

Plants

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Graft healing is a complex process affected by environmental factors, with temperature being one of the most important influencing factors. Here, oriental melon grafted onto pumpkin was used to study changes in graft union formation and sugar contents at the graft interface under night temperatures of 18 °C and 28 °C. Histological analysis suggested that callus formation occurred 3 days after grafting with a night temperature of 28 °C, which was one day earlier than with a night temperature of 18 °C. Vascular reconnection with a night temperature of 28 °C was established 2 days earlier than with a night temperature of 18 °C. Additionally, nine sugars were significantly enriched in the graft union, with the contents of sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, D–glucose, D–fructose, D–galactose, and inositol initially increasing but then decreasing. Furthermore, we also found that exogenous glucose and fructose application promotes vascular reconnection. However, exogenous sucrose application did not promote vascular reconnection. Taken together, our results reveal that elevated temperatures improve the process of graft union formation through increasing the contents of sugars. This study provides information to develop strategies for improving grafting efficiency under low temperatures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Analysis of Anatomical and Sugar Contents Identifies How Night Temperatures Regulate the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Pumpkin

Liang,

Liu,

Shi

et al. 2024

Plants

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Plant grafting: Molecular mechanisms and applications

Feng,

Augstein,

Kareem

et al. 2024

Molecular Plant

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Integrated PET and confocal imaging informs a functional timeline for the dynamic process of vascular reconnection during grafting

Frank

Komarov

Wang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Grafting is a widely used agricultural technique that involves the physical joining of separate plant parts so they form a unified vascular system, enabling beneficial traits from independent genotypes to be captured in a single plant. This simple, yet powerful tool has been used for thousands of years to improve abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, enhance yield, and alter plant architecture in diverse crop systems. Despite the global importance and ancient history of grafting, our understanding of the fundamental biological processes that make this technique successful remains limited, making it difficult to efficiently expand on new genotypic graft combinations. One of the key determinants of successful grafting is the formation of the graft junction, an anatomically unique region where xylem and phloem strands connect between newly joined plant parts to form a unified vascular system. Here, we use an integrated imaging approach to establish a spatiotemporal framework for graft junction formation in the model crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), a plant that is commonly grafted worldwide to boost yield and improve abiotic and biotic stress resistance. By combining Positron Emission Tomography (PET), a technique that enables the spatio-temporal tracking of radiolabeled molecules, with high-resolution laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), we are able to merge detailed, anatomical differentiation of the graft junction with a quantitative timeline for when xylem and phloem connections are functionally re-established. In this timeline, we identify a 72-hour window when anatomically connected xylem and phloem strands regain functional capacity, with phloem restoration typically preceding xylem restoration by about 24-hours. Furthermore, we identify heterogeneity in this developmental and physiological timeline that corresponds with microvariability in the physical contact between newly joined rootstock-scion tissues. Our integration of PET and confocal imaging technologies provides a spatio-temporal timeline that will enable future investigations into cellular and tissue patterning events that underlie successful versus failed vascular restoration across the graft junction.

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A method for simultaneously monitoring phloem and xylem reconnections in grafted watermelon seedlings

Cited by 4 publications

References 26 publications

An Integrated Analysis of Anatomical and Sugar Contents Identifies How Night Temperatures Regulate the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Pumpkin

An Integrated Analysis of Anatomical and Sugar Contents Identifies How Night Temperatures Regulate the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Pumpkin

Plant grafting: Molecular mechanisms and applications

Integrated PET and confocal imaging informs a functional timeline for the dynamic process of vascular reconnection during grafting

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