A method for selective stimulation of leg chemoreceptors in whole crustaceans

Solari, Paolo; Sollai, Giorgia; Palmas, F.; Sabatini, Andrea; Crnjar, Roberto Massimo

doi:10.1242/jeb.243636

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Since data did not conform to normal distribution (Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for goodness of fit), the non-parametric Spearman rank test was used to establish any possible correlation between spike firing frequencies from nerves N4 to N6 and ovipositor movements, according to [ 41 ]. Analyses were carried out by using the Prism program (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) with a 95% of confidence level ( p ≤ 0.05).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Anatomy and Motor Patterns at the Base of Calling Behaviour in the Female Spongy Moth Lymantria dispar

Solari,

Sollai,

Crnjar

2024

Insects

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“Calling behaviour” is a stereotyped rhythmic motor pattern displayed by female moths, by which they emit the sex pheromone to attract of conspecific males. Calling occurs through a squeezing mechanism based on the turtleneck-like folding and unfolding of the ovipositor cuticle during its telescopic extensions and retractions. This mechanism is under the control of the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG). By combining anatomical and electrophysiological approaches, here we studied the morpho-functional organisation of the abdominal muscles and the activity of motoneurons from TAG nerve N4-N6 as correlated to the ovipositor movements during calling in the female spongy moth Lymantria dispar. Our results show that the three abdominal segments S7, S8 and S9 (ovipositor) are highly specialized structures containing cuticular appendages, hinges, apodemes and several large muscles, innervated by N4 and especially by N5. N6 mainly innervates the oviductal tract. We also identified a number of motor units from N4 and N5, the spike activity of which is correlated with the ovipositor movements during calling. In conclusion, the release of sex pheromones in the female spongy moth is obtained by extensions and retractions of the ovipositor operated by a coordinated motor program, which is mainly sustained by the activity of a few motor units under the control of TAG nerves N4 and N5.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Anatomy and Motor Patterns at the Base of Calling Behaviour in the Female Spongy Moth Lymantria dispar

Solari,

Sollai,

Crnjar

2024

Insects

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“…All amino acids were first dissolved in SW at 10 −1 mol/L and stored frozen as stock solutions. On the day of the experiments, they were thawed and diluted in SW to be used at the three different increasing concentrations 10 −5 , 10 −3 , and 10 −1 mol/L [45,51]. The finely hashed powder of Klamath microalgae was suspended in SW at 5 mg/mL and then diluted at 2, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 mg/mL.…”

Section: Stimuli and Supply Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Visible movements of the sea urchin spines and tube feet and the fully coordinated locomotory activity, if present, of the whole animal within the experimental tank, were video-recorded and evaluated by way of a frame-to-frame PC analysis [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. This approach produces an "urchinogram" in which the movements at several sites and levels on the same animal can be recorded and compared.…”

Section: Detection Of Sea Urchin Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blue-Green Algae as Stimulating and Attractive Feeding Substrates for a Mediterranean Commercial Sea Urchin Species, Paracentrotus lividus

Solari

Sollai

Pasquini

et al. 2023

Life

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Sea urchins rely on chemical senses to localize suitable food resources, therefore representing model species for chemosensory studies. In the present study, we investigated the chemical sensitivity of the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus to the blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, namely “Klamath”, and to a few amino acids chosen from the biochemical composition of the same algae. To this end, we used the “urchinogram” method, which estimates the movement rate of the sea urchins in response to chemicals. Our results showed that Klamath represents a strong chemical stimulus for P. lividus as it elicits an overall movement of spines, pedicellariae, and tube feet coupled, in some cases, to a coordinated locomotion of the animals. Sea urchins also displayed a sensitivity, even if to a lesser extent, to leucine, threonine, arginine, and proline, thus implying that the amino acids contained in Klamath may account, at least in part, for the stimulating effects exerted by the whole algae. Additionally, our results show that Klamath, as well as spirulina, another blue-green alga with high nutritional value, is very attractive for this sea urchin species. These findings gain further importance considering the potential profit of echinoderms for commercial consumers and their growing role in aquaculture. Klamath and spirulina combine high nutritional profiles with attractive and stimulating abilities and may be considered potential valuable feed supplements in sea urchin aquaculture.

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Ulva as potential stimulant and attractant for a valuable sea urchin species: a chemosensory study

et al. 2023

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The green seaweed Ulva is close to becoming popular due to its suitability as potential feedstock production and for food items. However, there is a general lack of studies on the aversion or acceptability of this alga by marine organisms, particularly on its role as a chemoattractant and/or phagostimulant activity. Here we tested the effect of Ulva compressa and other biochemicals as potential chemostimulating compounds for a valuable sea urchin species, Paracentrotus lividus, selected as model species for our tests. Sea urchins’ chemical sensitivity was estimated by analysing movements of spines, pedicellariae, tube feet, and individual locomotion using an innovative bioassay. Our results showed that all forms of Ulva (fresh, defrosted, and fragmented) resulted in an effective stimulus, evoking in sea urchins strong responses with robust activation of spines and tube feet, where the defrosted one was the most stimulating. Among the amino acids tested, glycine, alanine, and glutamine produced a significant response, highlighting for the latter a concentration–response relationship. Sea urchins responded to glucose, not to fructose and sucrose. Spirulina resulted as the most effective stimulus, acting in a dose-dependent manner. Major results indicate the role of Ulva as a chemostimulant and strongly attractant for such herbivore species. From an applied point of view, the presence of potential Ulva’s feed-related compounds, acting as chemoattractants (to reduce food searching time) and/or feeding stimulants (to stimulate ingestion), would improve the several applications of Ulva in the formulation of the feeds for sustainable aquaculture.

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A method for selective stimulation of leg chemoreceptors in whole crustaceans

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

Neuromuscular Anatomy and Motor Patterns at the Base of Calling Behaviour in the Female Spongy Moth Lymantria dispar

Neuromuscular Anatomy and Motor Patterns at the Base of Calling Behaviour in the Female Spongy Moth Lymantria dispar

Blue-Green Algae as Stimulating and Attractive Feeding Substrates for a Mediterranean Commercial Sea Urchin Species, Paracentrotus lividus

Ulva as potential stimulant and attractant for a valuable sea urchin species: a chemosensory study

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