A method for screening arsenolipids in fish oils by HPLC-ICPMS

Ruiz-Chancho, Maria José; Taleshi, Mojtaba S.; Goessler, Walter; Francesconi, Kevin A.

doi:10.1039/c1ja10260e

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Separations that involve mobile phases with high organic content (as is the case for AsLipids) can cause problems for the ICP in terms of plasma stability and carbon build-up on the cones, but these issues can be mitigated by adding oxygen to the plasma (Meermann and Kiesshauer 2011). Changes in sensitivity associated with gradient elutions can also be diminished by addition of organic solvent to the sample flow (Ruiz-Chancho et al 2012) among other approaches (described in (Sele et al 2014)).…”

Section: Analytical/monitoring Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood

Taylor

Goodale

Raab

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Seafood, including finfish, shellfish, and seaweed, is the largest contributor to arsenic (As) exposure in many human populations. In contrast to the predominance of inorganic As in water and many terrestrial foods, As in marine-derived foods is present primarily in the form of organic compounds. To date, human exposure and toxicological assessments have focused on inorganic As, while organic As has generally been considered to be non-toxic. However, the high concentrations of organic As in seafood, as well as the often complex As speciation, can lead to complications in assessing As exposure from diet. In this report, we evaluate the presence and distribution of organic As species in seafood, and combined with consumption data, address the current capabilities and needs for determining human exposure to these compounds. The analytical approaches and shortcomings for assessing these compounds are reviewed, with a focus on the best practices for characterization and quantitation. Metabolic pathways and toxicology of two important classes of organic arsenicals, arsenolipids and arsenosugars, are examined, as well as individual variability in absorption of these compounds. Although determining health outcomes or assessing a need for regulatory policies for organic As exposure is premature, the extensive consumption of seafood globally, along with the preliminary toxicological profiles of these compounds and their confounding effect on assessing exposure to inorganic As, suggests further investigations and process-level studies on organic As are needed to fill the current gaps in knowledge.

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Section: Analytical/monitoring Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood

Taylor

Goodale

Raab

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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387

256

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“…[13,14] Although both species contained arsenosugar-phospholipid As-PL958 as a major compound, Wakame also contained significant quantities of other arsenosugar-phospholipids, whereas Hijiki contained a higher proportion of arsenic-hydrocarbons. The possible significance of these differences awaits studies with more samples of these two algae and other algal species from various locations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Arsenosugar phospholipids and arsenic hydrocarbons in two species of brown macroalgae

et al. 2012

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Environmental context. Although organoarsenic compounds occur in marine organisms at high concentrations, the origin and role of these compounds is unknown. Arsenic-containing lipids (arsenolipids) are newly discovered compounds in fish. We identify a range of arsenolipids in algae and propose that algae are the origin of these unusual arsenic compounds in marine ecosystems.Abstract. Fourteen arsenolipids, including 11 new compounds, were identified and quantified in two species of brown algae, Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) and Hijiki (Hizikia fusiformis), by high resolution mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both algal species contained arsenosugar-phospholipids as the major type of arsenolipid, and arsenic-hydrocarbons were also significant components, particularly in Hijiki. The origin of the various arsenolipids, and the possible significance of their relative quantities, is briefly discussed. Arsenic-containing organic compounds are abundant in marine ecosystems where they are thought to play a pivotal role in the cycling and detoxification of potentially toxic inorganic arsenic (arsenate) present in seawater. [1] Although most of the arsenic compounds identified so far have been water-soluble species, the early work on arsenic marine chemistry focussed on lipidsoluble compounds, so called arsenolipids. [2][3][4] Identification of these arsenolipids proved difficult, however, and it was not until 1988 that an arsenolipid was first rigorously characterised and identified as an arsenosugar-containing phospholipid [5] (see Table 1, compound As-PL958).Subsequently, the range of naturally occurring arsenolipids has been extended with the discovery of arsenic-containing fatty acids in fish oils, [6] and arsenic-containing hydrocarbons in fish oils, [7] fish liver, [8] sashimi tuna [9] and fish meal. [10] The origin of these compounds was presumed to be algae. We report the arsenolipid profiles of two species of brown algae, determined mainly by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), and we briefly discuss the possible biosynthetic origin of these unusual compounds.Samples of Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida, 40 AE 3 mg As g À1 dry mass) and Hijiki (Hizikia fusiformis, 113 AE 5 mg As g À1 dry mass), A obtained from a Japanese commercial source, were extracted with a mixture of chloroform and methanol using a modification B of the classical procedure of Bligh and Dyer. [11] The lipid fraction containing 6.7 % (Wakame) and 1.6 % (Hijiki)A Determination of arsenic contents. Total arsenic analyses were performed on portions of the dry powders, extracts or combined fractions from the silica columns by ICP-MS (Agilent 7500ce) in helium collision cell mode following a microwave-assisted acid mineralisation step. The method was validated by analysis of reference material NIES No. 9 Sargasso (certified As content 115 AE 5 mg As g À1 ); we obtained 116 AE 2 mg As g À1 (n ¼ 3). BExtraction and purification of arsenolipid...

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“…The effect may be an advantage when analysing water-soluble arsenic species, where a constant addition of 3% organic solvent (methanol) into the mobile phase increases the sensitivity for arsenic [153]. However, when using a gradient elution with organic solvents, the variation in carbon content leads to changes in the response of the detector and challenges the quantification of elemental species [85,[151][152][153]. Approaches such as isotope dilution [156,157], mathematical compensation [158] and post-column addition of an internal standard [159]…”

Section: Quantitative Analysis By Reversed-phase Hplc-icp-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons in a range of commercial fish oils by GC-ICPMS analysis

Sele

Amlund²,

Berntssen³

et al. 2013

Anal Bioanal Chem

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The present study describes the use of a simple solid-phase extraction procedure for the extraction of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons from fish oil followed by analysis using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The procedure permitted the analysis of a small sample amount, and the method was applied on a range of different commercial fish oils, including oils of anchovy (Engraulis ringens), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), sand eel (Ammodytes marinus), blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and a commercial mixed fish oil (mix of oils of Atlantic herring, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens)). Total arsenic concentrations in the fish oils and in the extracts of the fish oils were determined by microwave-assisted acid digestion and ICPMS. The arsenic concentrations in the fish oils ranged from 5.9 to 8.7 mg kg(-1). Three dominant arsenic-containing hydrocarbons in addition to one minor unidentified compound were detected in all the oils using GC-ICPMS. The molecular structures of the arsenic-containing hydrocarbons, dimethylarsinoyl hydrocarbons (C17H38AsO, C19H42AsO, C23H38AsO), were verified using GC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and the accurate masses of the compounds were verified using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (qTOF-MS). Additionally, total arsenic and the arsenic-containing hydrocarbons were studied in decontaminated and in non-decontaminated fish oils, where a reduced arsenic concentration was seen in the decontaminated fish oils. This provided an insight to how a decontamination procedure originally ascribed for the removal of persistent organic pollutants affects the level of arsenolipids present in fish oils.

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A method for screening arsenolipids in fish oils by HPLC-ICPMS

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood

Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood

Arsenosugar phospholipids and arsenic hydrocarbons in two species of brown macroalgae

Detection of arsenic-containing hydrocarbons in a range of commercial fish oils by GC-ICPMS analysis

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