A method for reconstructing three-dimensional positions of swarming mosquitoes

Ikawa, Terumi; Okabe, Hidehiko; Mori, Toyohiko; Urabe, Kenichi; Ikeshoji, Toshiaki

doi:10.1007/bf01990084

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As in earlier work on midges [12], such trajectory data can provide valuable insight into the dynamical aspects of collective behaviour [13,14]. Past studies on swarming insects [2,3,5,15] focused on two-dimensional trajectories or three-dimensional positions. Recent advancements in high-resolution filming, computer vision and estimation techniques have increased the degree of automation in data collection, and have made available large datasets for subsequent analysis, such as those developed for starlings [16] and fruitflies [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes

Butail

Manoukis

Diallo

et al. 2012

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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We describe a novel tracking system for reconstructing three-dimensional tracks of individual mosquitoes in wild swarms and present the results of validating the system by filming swarms and mating events of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae in Mali. The tracking system is designed to address noisy, low frame-rate (25 frames per second) video streams from a stereo camera system. Because flying A. gambiae move at 1-4 m s 21, they appear as faded streaks in the images or sometimes do not appear at all. We provide an adaptive algorithm to search for missing streaks and a likelihood function that uses streak endpoints to extract velocity information. A modified multi-hypothesis tracker probabilistically addresses occlusions and a particle filter estimates the trajectories. The output of the tracking algorithm is a set of track segments with an average length of 0.6-1 s. The segments are verified and combined under human supervision to create individual tracks up to the duration of the video (90 s). We evaluate tracking performance using an established metric for multitarget tracking and validate the accuracy using independent stereo measurements of a single swarm. Three-dimensional reconstructions of A. gambiae swarming and mating events are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes

Butail

Manoukis

Diallo

et al. 2012

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…Equipped with data that is orders of magnitude more extensive than was previously available for reconstructing mosquito swarms (Gibson 1985; Ikawa et al 1994; Manoukis et al 2009), and the first to contain three-dimensional trajectories (Butail et al 2012), we present a new characterization of the dynamics of male swarming in An. gambiae .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dance of MaleAnopheles gambiaein Wild Mating Swarms

et al. 2013

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An important element of mating in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in nature is the crepuscular mating aggregation (swarm) composed almost entirely of males, where most coupling and insemination is generally believed to occur. In this study we mathematically characterize the oscillatory movement of male An. gambiae in terms of an established individual-based mechanistic model that parameterizes the attraction of a mosquito towards the center of the swarm using the natural frequency of oscillation and the resistance to its motion, characterized by the damping ratio. Using three-dimensional trajectory data of ten wild mosquito swarms filmed in Mali, Africa, we show two new results for low and moderate wind conditions, and indicate how these results may vary in high wind. First, we show that in low and moderate wind the vertical component of the mosquito motion has a lower frequency of oscillation and higher damping ratio than horizontal motion. In high wind, the vertical and horizontal motions are similar to one another and the natural frequencies are higher than in low and moderate wind. Second, we show that the predicted average disagreement in the direction of motion of swarming mosquitoes moving at random is greater than the average disagreement we observed between each mosquito and its three closest neighbors, with the smallest level of disagreement occurring for the nearest neighbor in seven out of ten swarms. The alignment of the direction of motion between nearest neighbors is the highest in high wind. This result provides evidence for flight-path coordination between males flying in a swarm.

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“…Aureli et al, 2012) or even outdoors (Pillot et al, 2010;Collett et al, 2013). 3D tracks in the field have been measured using multiple fixed cameras (Major and Dill, 1978;Pomeroy and Heppner, 1992;Ikawa et al, 1994;Budgey, 1998;Ballerini et al, 2008;Corcoran and Conner, 2012;Shelton et al, 2014). The VOI is defined by the fixed intersection of the cameras' field of view (FOV).…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Tracking Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D tracking of animals in the field, using rotational stereo videography

Margerie

Simonneau

Caudal

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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We describe a method for tracking the path of animals in the field, based on stereo videography and aiming-angle measurements, combined in a single, rotational device. In open environments, this technique has the potential to extract multiple 3D positions per second, with a spatial uncertainty of <1 m (rms) within 300 m of the observer, and <0.1 m (rms) within 100 m of the observer, in all directions. The tracking device is transportable and operated by a single observer, and does not involve any animal tagging. As a video of the moving animal is recorded, track data can easily be completed with behavioural data. We present a prototype device based on accessible components that achieves about 70% of the theoretical maximal range. We show examples of bird ground and flight tracks, and discuss the strengths and limits of the method, compared with existing fine-scale (e.g. fixed-camera stereo videography) and largescale tracking methods (e.g. GPS tracking).

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A method for reconstructing three-dimensional positions of swarming mosquitoes

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes

Reconstructing the flight kinematics of swarming and mating in wild mosquitoes

The Dance of MaleAnopheles gambiaein Wild Mating Swarms

3D tracking of animals in the field, using rotational stereo videography

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