A method for obtaining thymol by gas phase catalytic alkylation of m-cresol over zinc aluminate spinel

Grabowska, Hanna; Miśta, W.; Trawczyński, J.; Wrzyszcz, J.; Zawadzki, M.

doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(01)00722-0

Cited by 72 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Table 1 summarizes the main characteristics of catalysts employed in the present work: (i) Magnesium oxide (sample Mg/O) is the main component in alkaline-earth oxides-based catalysts employed in the General Electric process for the synthesis of 2,6-xylenol [47][48][49]. (ii) Iron oxide (sample Fe/O) is claimed to be the main component in the optimal catalyst for the selective ring methylation of phenol and 1-naphthol [22,27,56]. (iii) Magnesium-iron mixed oxide (sample Mg/Fe/O) catalyzes the liquid-phase and the gas-phase methylation of mcresol [42,44] and of phenol [35,57].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catalysts are made of either (i) supported and unsupported alkali and alkaline-earth metal oxides [14][15][16][17][18], or (ii) transition or post-transition mixed metal oxides [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33], or (iii) mixed oxides containing both alkaline-earth metals and transition metal ions [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. They are used in prevalence for gas-phase methylation, since under liquid-phase conditions a low conversion is generally achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transformations involving methanol in the acid- and base-catalyzed gas-phase methylation of phenol

Ballarini

Cavani

Maselli

et al. 2007

Journal of Catalysis

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transformations involving methanol in the acid- and base-catalyzed gas-phase methylation of phenol

Ballarini

Cavani

Maselli

et al. 2007

Journal of Catalysis

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“…Transmission IR spectra were recorded using Specord M80 spectrometer. The procedure applied for acidity measurements of ZnAl 2 O 4 catalyst was the same as already described in our earlier studies [13,14]. The analysis of basic properties of the catalyst, aiming at determining the strength and the basic sites distribution, was performed by temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO 2 .…”

Section: Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Method for N-Methyl-4-pyridone Synthesis in the Presence of ZnAl2O4

2007

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A composite oxide ZnAl 2 O 4 was prepared by microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment, a precursor mixture of hydroxides obtained by precipitation of aluminium and zinc nitrates. Characterization by TEM, XRD and textural studies shows that ZnAl 2 O 4 is nanosized and is a micro/mesoporous material with large a surface area (140 m 2 /g). The gas phase catalytic methylation of 4-hydroxypyridine in the presence of the ZnAl 2 O 4 catalyst was performed in a continuous process at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 240-360°C. A mixture of O-and N-alkylated products, namely 4-methoxy pyridine and N-methyl-4-pyridone were obtained. The alkylation of 4-hydroxypyridine with methanol at 345°C offered 87.6% selectivity towards N-methyl-4-pyridone with about 89% 4-hydroxypyridine conversion.

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“…It was stated that zinc aluminate was an active and selective catalyst in the alkylation of phenol and other hydroxyarenes [4,6,7,38]. The catalytic properties in methylation of phenol of zinc aluminate with incorporation of different metals, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycothermal Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Nanosized Zn1−x Co x Al2O4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0) Spinels in Phenol Methylation

2011

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Zn 1-x Co x Al 2 O 4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0) spinels were synthesised under microwave-assisted solvothermal conditions using 1,4-butanediol as reaction medium. The results of XRD and HRTEM have indicated nanocrystallinity of prepared materials (average crystallite size in the range 6-16 nm), and N 2 adsorption-desorption measurements have revealed high feature of their surface area and mesoporous nature. Acid-base properties of prepared materials were determined using TPD-NH 3 method and cyclohexanol test. All studied spinels that underwent examination were active in phenol methylation but Co-substituted zinc aluminate (Zn 0.5 Co 0.5 Al 2 O 4 ) was found to be the most efficient in the selective formation of orthomethylated products. It could be ascribed to its dominant basic character and the presence of weak and strong acid centres, and the highest surface area as well.

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A method for obtaining thymol by gas phase catalytic alkylation of m-cresol over zinc aluminate spinel

Cited by 72 publications

References 27 publications

The transformations involving methanol in the acid- and base-catalyzed gas-phase methylation of phenol

The transformations involving methanol in the acid- and base-catalyzed gas-phase methylation of phenol

Catalytic Method for N-Methyl-4-pyridone Synthesis in the Presence of ZnAl2O4

Glycothermal Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Nanosized Zn1−x Co x Al2O4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0) Spinels in Phenol Methylation

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