A method for observing tridimensional morphology of sulfide inclusions by non-aqueous solution electrolytic etching

Zhang, Dong; Shen, Ping; Xie, Jian‐bo; An, Jin-min; Huang, Zongze; Fu, Jianxun

doi:10.1007/s42243-018-0142-z

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Besides, to obtain the tri-dimensional morphologies of MnS, the non-aqueous electrolytic method presented by Janis et al [21] was adopted to avoided a serious dissolution of MnS. 10%AA electrolyte (10 vol.% acetylacetone-1 vol.% tetramethylammonium chloride-methanol) was employed in the present study [22]. The processed sample was characterized by an optical microscope (Carl Zeiss, A2m, Jena, Germany) and a scanning electron microscope combined with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) (Phenom, Pro X, Eindhoven, Netherlands).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of MnS Inclusions Formation in Resulphurised Steel via Modeling and Experiments

Liu

2019

Materials

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Controlling the formation of MnS inclusions during solidification influences the mechanical properties and machinability of the resulfurized steel. A coupled segregation–nucleation–growth model was developed by the finite-difference method involving solute redistribution, heterogeneous nucleation and growth kinetics. Laboratory solidification experiments were performed under various cooling rates in resulphurised 49MnVS steel. In this work, the influence of cooling rate on solute redistribution and growth size of MnS inclusions were simulated using the current coupled model, and the calculated results can provide a valuable reference for MnS formation. Increasing of the cooling rate led to early precipitation and refinement of formed MnS inclusions. Based on the simulation results and experimental data, mathematical relationships between the growing size of MnS with the cooling rate in the low ductility temperature region and in the whole solidification were obtained.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of MnS Inclusions Formation in Resulphurised Steel via Modeling and Experiments

Liu

2019

Materials

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“…There are many thermodynamic studies on the treatment of alumina inclusions with rare earth in molten steel [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. However, limited works are focused on the rare earth treatment of high-carbon steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Alumina Inclusions in SWRS82B Steel by Adding Rare Earth Cerium

Wang

et al. 2020

Metals

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The aluminum oxide inclusions in SWRS82B steel seriously affect the drawing performance of the steel strand. In this study, the influence of different additions of cerium (within the range of 0–0.034%) on the composition, morphology, size, number, and distribution of alumina inclusions was studied by scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analyzer. The evolution of the composition of inclusions with different cerium additions was calculated based on classical thermodynamics and Factsage software calculation. The thermodynamic calculated results were consistent with the experimental results. It indicates that the modification route of Al2O3 inclusions in SWRS82B steel by increased cerium additions is as follows: Al2O3 → Ce2S3 + CeAlO3 + Ce2O2S + Al2O3 → Ce2S3 + CeAlO3 + Ce2O2S/Ce2S3 + Ce2O2S → Ce2S3 + Ce2O2S. Besides, when the amount of cerium is in the range of 0.023% to 0.030%, CeAlO3 inclusions gradually disappear. The best characteristics of inclusions in this study were obtained in experimental samples with cerium addition of 0.023%, in which the minimum size of inclusions is in the range of 3.52–4.84 μm and mostly uniform distribution. Finally, the mechanism on the modification by cerium was discussed based on the composition evolution of inclusion during solidification with Factsage calculation and experimental results. The compositions of inclusions were also analyzed based on the inclusion evolution model.

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“…The samples were electrolytically etched in 10% average area (AA) nonaqueous solution, the solution compositions were 1% tetramethylammonium chloride, 10% acetylacetone, and 89% methanol. [25] 3. Results and Discussion…”

Section: Microstructure and Inclusion Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Differences of MnS Inclusions in Medium‐Carbon Steel with Different Manganese and Sulfur Contents

Tian

Liu

Shen

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The morphology of MnS inclusion is one of the key elements influencing the machinability of steel. Herein, it is shown in the thermodynamic analysis results that the interaction coefficient causes a 1.2% deviation for the precipitation of MnS in low‐sulfur‐content steel (S1), while the deviation is 14% in high‐sulfur steel (S2), and the content of C and Si is the main element causing the deviation. The microstructure of medium‐carbon steel is mainly pearlite and ferrite. The increase of manganese and sulfur content leads to the decrease of ferrite content and increase of pearlite content. Almost all MnS inclusions in S1 are polyhedral, while S2 contains spherelike, cluster, and polyhedral MnS inclusions. Manganese and sulfur mainly affect the nucleation rate of MnS inclusion, where the number density of MnS in S2 is higher than that in S1, which increases the probability of viscous sintering of MnS inclusions in S2, and form spherelike‐ and rodlike‐polycrystalline MnS particles. Polyhedron inclusions are mostly octahedron, and it is the final equilibrium morphology of sulfide in S1 and S2.

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A method for observing tridimensional morphology of sulfide inclusions by non-aqueous solution electrolytic etching

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of MnS Inclusions Formation in Resulphurised Steel via Modeling and Experiments

Analysis of MnS Inclusions Formation in Resulphurised Steel via Modeling and Experiments

Modification of Alumina Inclusions in SWRS82B Steel by Adding Rare Earth Cerium

Morphological Differences of MnS Inclusions in Medium‐Carbon Steel with Different Manganese and Sulfur Contents

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