A method for measuring the orientation (?beat direction?) of respiratory cilia

Rautiainen, Markus; Collan, Y; Nuutinen, Juhani

doi:10.1007/bf00464443

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All tissues were imaged with the beam directly perpendicular to the long axis of the trachea, with tracheal tissue measured in the caudal to cranial direction so that the active cilia plane (40)(41)(42)(43) was coincident with the OCT beam; the beam was oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the trachea with MCT in the caudal to cranial direction (40)(41)(42)(43). Several metrics were quantified from μOCT-recorded images using ImageJ (NIH) and Matlab.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of ciliary phenotype in primary ciliary dyskinesia by micro-optical coherence tomography

et al. 2017

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of ciliary phenotype in primary ciliary dyskinesia by micro-optical coherence tomography

et al. 2017

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“…Since 2002, for questionable IDA in micrographs obtained by TEM, computerised analysis of cilia was systematically performed to improve IDA visualisation, as previously reported [12]. Ciliary orientation was systematically evaluated by comparing the position of the central pairs of adjoining cilia as previously described [11,13]. Disorientation was defined as an angle .25u.…”

Section: Ciliary Ultrastructurementioning

confidence: 99%

A 20-year experience of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia

Papon¹,

Coste²,

Roudot‐Thoraval³

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

137

134

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of ciliary ultrastructure is classically used for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). We report our extensive experience of TEM analysis in a large series of patients in order to evaluate its feasibility and results.TEM analysis performed in 1,149 patients with suspected PCD was retrospectively reviewed. Biopsies (1,450) were obtained from nasal (44%) or bronchial (56%) mucosa in children (66.5%) and adults (33.5%).TEM analysis was feasible in 71.4% of patients and showed a main defect suggestive of PCD in 29.9%. TEM was more feasible in adults than in children, regardless of the biopsy site. Main defects suggestive of PCD were found in 76.9% of patients with sinopulmonary symptoms and in only 0.4% of patients with isolated upper and 0.4% with isolated lower respiratory tract infections. The defect pattern was similar in children and adults, involving dynein arms (81.2%) or central complex (CC) (18.8%). Situs inversus was never observed in PCD patients with CC defect. Kartagener syndrome with normal ciliary ultrastructure was not an exceptional condition (10.2% of PCD).In conclusion, TEM analysis is feasible in most patients and is particularly useful for PCD diagnosis in cases of sinopulmonary syndrome of unknown origin.

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“…Disorientation was defined as an angle greater than 25°. 17 For CBF evaluation, the respiratory cells obtained by brushing were suspended in Menezo's B2 medium and the sample was examined within 3 hours under a light microscope (Nachet NS 400, Paris, France) at magnifications of x 250 and x 400. CBF was measured at room temperature using computerized microscope photometry (Leitz/Leica, Wetzlar, Germany).…”

Section: Ciliary Ultrastructure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Central Complex Is a Marker of Severity in the Presence of Partial Ciliary Defect

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Background. Ciliary ultrastructural defects with total lack of dynein arms (DA) cause abnormal mucociliary function leading to the chronic infections observed in primary ciliary dyskinesia. The role of partial ciliary ultrastructural defects, especially those involving the central complex, and their relationship with respiratory symptoms have been less thoroughly investigated.Objective. In a pediatric population with partial ciliary defects, we determined the relationship(s) between ultrastructural findings, ciliary motility, and clinical and functional features, and evaluated the outcome of this population.Design. We analyzed the clinical presentation and pulmonary function of 43 children with chronic bronchitis and partial ultrastructural defects (from 15% to 90%) of their respiratory cilia demonstrated on bronchial biopsies. The study population was divided into 3 groups according to ciliary ultrastructure: the main ultrastructural defect concerned the central complex in 23 patients (CC group), peripheral microtubules in 8 patients (PMT group), and DA in 12 patients (DA group).Results. The percentage of ciliary defects was lower in the PMT group than in the CC and DA groups. Patients in the PMT group had less severe disease with frequent normal ciliary motility. Patients in the CC group had initially a higher incidence of respiratory tract infections, extensive bronchiectasis frequently requiring surgery, and arguments in favor of a congenital origin (high proportion of sibling form). Partial absence of DA, although of congenital origin, was associated with a good prognosis. In all groups, follow-up showed that the functional prognosis remained good with appropriate treatment.Conclusions. In children with chronic respiratory infections, presence of situs inversus, sibling form, obstructive pulmonary syndrome, or bronchiectasis required ultrastructural analysis, regardless of ciliary motility. Detection of CC abnormalities is a marker of severity and required intensive therapy and close follow-up. A irways are lined by respiratory epithelium composed of 2 main cell types, ciliated and goblet cells, which together ensure efficient mucociliary transport. 1,2 Mucociliary transport is an important defense mechanism, and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) is a major parameter in airway clearance. Each cilium beats in a coordinated fashion with its neighbors, producing unidirectional mucus flow. The structural components of the core of the cilium, known as the axoneme, is highly conserved and include 9 peripheral doublet microtubules with attached dyneis and radial spokes, and 2 central single microtubules (Fig 1A). Inner and outer dynein arms (DA) are the transducers of mechanical force necessary for ciliary motion. Failure of ciln armiary structure and function impairs airway clearance and can be responsible for respiratory tract infections. [3][4][5] Ciliary insufficiency can be caused by either an inborn error or damage inflicted on the cilia by a noxious agent. 6 -10 Congenital defects of ciliary ultrastruc...

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A method for measuring the orientation (?beat direction?) of respiratory cilia

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Assessment of ciliary phenotype in primary ciliary dyskinesia by micro-optical coherence tomography

Assessment of ciliary phenotype in primary ciliary dyskinesia by micro-optical coherence tomography

A 20-year experience of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia

Abnormal Central Complex Is a Marker of Severity in the Presence of Partial Ciliary Defect

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