A method for locating rockfall impacts using signals recorded by a microseismic network

Gracchi, Teresa; Lotti, Alessia; Saccorotti, Gilberto; Lombardi, Luca; Nocentini, Massimiliano; Mugnai, Francesco; Gigli, Giovanni; Barla, Marco; Giorgetti, Andrea; Antolini, Francesco; Fiaschi, A.; Matassoni, Luca

doi:10.1186/s40677-017-0091-z

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…1). An 182,000-m 3 unstable rock mass is located in the top area of the quarry (Lotti et al 2015(Lotti et al , 2018Antolini et al 2016;Gracchi et al 2017). It was first observed on May 2003, and it is suggested that the main predisposing factor of the instability was the quarrying activity (Intrieri et al 2012).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the early warning framework can also be implemented with alternative or complementary localization methods, such as those based on arrival times (Gracchi et al 2017), beam-forming (Lacroix and Helmstetter 2011), and amplitude source location (Pérez-Guillén et al 2019). The examples of signals and frequencies of these events are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Spatial Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A framework for temporal and spatial rockfall early warning using micro-seismic monitoring

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Rockfall risk is usually characterized by a high frequency of occurrence, difficulty in prediction (given high velocity, lack of noticeable forerunners, abrupt collapse, and complex mechanism), and a relatively high potential vulnerability, especially against people and communication routes. Considering that larger rockfalls and rockslides are generally anticipated by an increased occurrence of events, in this study, a framework based on microseismic monitoring is introduced for a temporal and spatial rockfall early warning. This approach is realized through the detection, classification, and localization of all the rockfalls recorded during a 6-month-long microseismic monitoring performed in a limestone quarry in central Italy. Then, in order to provide a temporal warning, an observable quantity of accumulated energy, associated to the rockfall rolling and bouncing and function of the number and volume of events in a certain time window, has been defined. This concept is based on the material failure method developed by Fukuzono-Voight. As soon as the first predicted time of failure and relative warning time are declared, all the rockfalls occurred in a previous time window can be located in a topographic map to find the rockfall susceptible area and thus to complement the warning with spatial information. This methodology has been successfully validated in an ex post analysis performed in the aforementioned quarry, where a large rockfall was forecasted with a lead time of 3 min. This framework provides a novel way for rockfall spatiotemporal early warning, and it could be helpful for activating traffic lights and closing mountain roads or other transportation lines using the knowledge of the time and location of a failure. Since this approach is not based on the detection of the triggering events (like for early warnings based on rainfall thresholds), it can be used also for earthquake-induced failures.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spatial Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for temporal and spatial rockfall early warning using micro-seismic monitoring

et al. 2020

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“…More recently, to overcome these limitations, rock slope stability characterization and monitoring has been carried out using passive seismic techniques (see also the discussion session), implemented initially in open-mine monitoring [98]. These techniques, in fact, could help in (i) understanding the seismic responses of rock to slope deformation (e.g., the release of stored elastic energy under particular conditions) [135,138], (ii) detecting and locating microearthquakes generated by fracturing within unstable rock masses (major effort is required for classifying seismic signals and extracting those related to landslides [86,99,129]), and (iii) identifying remote events that could otherwise go unnoticed for weeks or months. Therefore, these methods are applied to avalanches [26,84,101,126], rock topplings [107,111,117,134], rockslides [55, 96-99, 103, 116, 126, 127, 130], and rock falls or cliff failures [86, 88, 89, 91, 93-95, 100, 104-106, 112-115, 118, 120, 121, 126, 128, 131, 133].…”

Section: "Rock"mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Advantages and Limitations of Geophysical Investigations in Landslide Studies

Pazzi

Morelli

Fanti

2019

International Journal of Geophysics

104

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Landslide deformations involve approximately all geological materials (natural rocks, soil, artificial fill, or combinations of these materials) and can occur and develop in a large variety of volumes and shapes. The characterization of the material inhomogeneities and their properties, the study of the deformation processes, and the delimitation of boundaries and potential slip surfaces are not simple goals. Since the ‘70s, the international community (mainly geophysicists and lower geologists and geological engineers) has begun to employ, together with other techniques, geophysical methods to characterize and monitor landslides. Both the associated advantages and limitations have been highlighted over the years, and some drawbacks are still open. This review is focused on works of the last twelve years (2007-2018), and the main goal is to analyse the geophysical community efforts toward overcoming the geophysical technique limitations highlighted in the 2007 geophysics and landslide review. To achieve this aim, contrary to previous reviews that analysed the advantages and limitations of each technique using a “technique approach,” the analysis was carried out using a “material landslide approach” on the basis of the more recent landslides classification.

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“…Along the roads produced from excavated hills, rockfall is definitely to be one of the most potential threats that could happen, but not all segments of the roads have the same levels of hazard. Rockfall impacts were identified by Gracchi et al (2017) as a combination of several functions, one of which is geomechanics conditions. In this study, geomechanics conditions of an area will be analyzed as a significant factor that affecting the hazard level of rockfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slope mass rating-based analysis to assess rockfall hazard on Yogyakarta Southern Mountain, Indonesia

Triana

Hermawan

2020

Geoenviron Disasters

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In the Parangtritis Beach tourism area located in the Southern Mountain of Yogyakarta, karst hills were excavated to build the main accessing road and produce some of long and very steep slopes along the sides of the road. But still, there was none of the slope reinforcement installed along the road. Meanwhile, at several nearby locations within Southern Mountain, rockfall incidents have occurred many times even caused casualties. The potential of rockfall hazard also could be found in the main road of Parangtritis Beach as the study area. The purpose of this study is to determine the rockfall hazard assessment along the main road using Slope Mass Rating (SMR) analysis with the additional parameter of the slope height and the rock block size. The necessary data obtained by direct measurement and laboratory test. Geomechanics analysis, stereographic projection analysis, and hazard parameters weighting were carried out to produce the Rockfall Hazard Zonation Map of the study area. Based on 17 measurement stations, there are 4 (four) rockfall hazard classes in the study area, i.e., very low, low, moderate, and high. The class of very low, which also included road segments without slope, has the largest percentages of 83.83%, followed by the classes of moderate, low, and high with the percentage of 7.16%, 4.28%, and 4,19%, respectively. SMR was assumed as the most significant parameter that influences the rockfall hazard zonation. Historical rockfall points were overlaid over the Rockfall Hazard Zonation Map to validate the predicted hazard zones. Since 91.23% of the rockfall occurred in the moderate and high hazard classes, the zonation map considered reliable to predict future rockfall. This study also identified several landslide potential zones and provides the recommendation of slope reinforcement to be installed in the study area.

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A method for locating rockfall impacts using signals recorded by a microseismic network

Cited by 21 publications

References 30 publications

A framework for temporal and spatial rockfall early warning using micro-seismic monitoring

A framework for temporal and spatial rockfall early warning using micro-seismic monitoring

A Review of the Advantages and Limitations of Geophysical Investigations in Landslide Studies

Slope mass rating-based analysis to assess rockfall hazard on Yogyakarta Southern Mountain, Indonesia

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