A method for facilitating the seed germination of a mycoheterotrophic orchid, Gastrodia pubilabiata, using decomposed leaf litter harboring a basidiomycete fungus, Mycena sp.

Higaki, Kana; Rammitsu, Kento; Yamashita, Yumi; Yukawa, Tomohisa; Ogura‐Tsujita, Yuki

doi:10.1186/s40529-017-0214-6

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…S2). Mycena Molecular identification, symbiotic culture Higaki et al ( 2017 ) Cantharellales Tulasnella Molecular identification Kinoshita et al ( 2016 ) Polyporales Diplomitoporus rimosus Molecular identification Kinoshita et al ( 2016 ) Fungal ITS sequences had 100% similarity with D. rimosus . Diplomitoporus rimosus Molecular identification, symbiotic culture Shimaoka et al ( 2017 ) Fungal ITS sequence from protocorm shared 558/559 bp identity with that from D. rimosus .…”

Section: Phylogeny and Evolution Of Sap-mhpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Container cultivation of Gastrodia species has been achieved using organic materials from their natural habitats. Seed germination in Gastrodia nipponica (Umata and Nishi 2010 ) and Gastrodia pubilabiata (Higaki et al 2017 ) was induced in a plastic box containing leaf litter from their habitats. Further, the life cycles of G. pubilabiata and Gastrodia confusa were completed in culture with wood logs, cedar cones, and humus from a forest (Shimaoka et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Culturing Sap-mhpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary histories and mycorrhizal associations of mycoheterotrophic plants dependent on saprotrophic fungi

2021

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Mycoheterotrophic plants (MHPs) are leafless, achlorophyllous, and completely dependent on mycorrhizal fungi for their carbon supply. Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic association with fungi that is undertaken by the majority of land plants, but mycoheterotrophy represents a breakdown of this mutualism in that plants parasitize fungi. Most MHPs are associated with fungi that are mycorrhizal with autotrophic plants, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. Although these MHPs gain carbon via the common mycorrhizal network that links the surrounding autotrophic plants, some mycoheterotrophic lineages are associated with saprotrophic (SAP) fungi, which are free-living and decompose leaf litter and wood materials. Such MHPs are dependent on the forest carbon cycle, which involves the decomposition of wood debris and leaf litter, and have a unique biology and evolutionary history. MHPs associated with SAP fungi (SAP-MHPs) have to date been found only in the Orchidaceae and likely evolved independently at least nine times within that family. Phylogenetically divergent SAP Basidiomycota, mostly Agaricales but also Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and others, are involved in mycoheterotrophy. The fungal specificity of SAP-MHPs varies from a highly specific association with a single fungal species to a broad range of interactions with multiple fungal orders. Establishment of symbiotic culture systems is indispensable for understanding the mechanisms underlying plant–fungus interactions and the conservation of MHPs. Symbiotic culture systems have been established for many SAP-MHP species as a pure culture of free-living SAP fungi is easier than that of biotrophic AM or ECM fungi. Culturable SAP-MHPs are useful research materials and will contribute to the advancement of plant science.

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Section: Phylogeny and Evolution Of Sap-mhpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Culturing Sap-mhpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary histories and mycorrhizal associations of mycoheterotrophic plants dependent on saprotrophic fungi

2021

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“…Meeting these challenges will in many cases also involve a combination of creating new habitats, transplantation and ex situ conservation in seedbanks and living collections. Papers in this issue by Kendon et al ( 2017 ), Zettler et al ( 2017 ) and Higaki et al ( 2017 ) focus on some aspects of ex situ conservation.…”

Section: Conserving Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orchid conservation: how can we meet the challenges in the twenty-first century?

2018

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With c. 28,000 species, orchids are one of the largest families of flowering plants, and they are also one of the most threatened, in part due to their complex life history strategies. Threats include habitat destruction and climate change, but many orchids are also threatened by unsustainable (often illegal and/or undocumented) harvest for horticulture, food or medicine. The level of these threats now outstrips our abilities to combat them at a species-by-species basis for all species in such a large group as Orchidaceae; if we are to be successful in conserving orchids for the future, we will need to develop approaches that allow us to address the threats on a broader scale to complement focused approaches for the species that are identified as being at the highest risk.

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“…3. Gastrodia sp., a myco-heterotrophic (non-green) orchid, in leaf litter that naturally that contains compatible fungi (Higaki et al 2017). 4.…”

Section: Non-sterile Symbiotic Propagation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Proposed Framework for Efficient and Cost-Effective Terrestrial Orchid Conservation

Brundrett¹

2020

Preprint

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This paper presents a comprehensive and adaptive framework for orchid conservation programs illustrated with data from published and unpublished case studies. There is a specific focus on West Australian terrestrial orchids, but many of the approaches have universal relevance. Aspects of the framework include (1) setting appropriate objectives, (2) establishing effective collaborations between scientists, volunteers and regulators to fill knowledge and funding gaps, (3) use of survey and demographics data to determine extinction risks and management requirements for species, (4) effective habitat management to overcome threats such as grazing, (5) finding potential new habitats by modelling climate and site data, (6) investigating the effectiveness of pollinators and (7) using seed baiting to detect mycorrhizal fungi. The relative cost and effectiveness of different methods used to propagate orchids for translocation are compared. Methods known to be successful, in order of complexity, include placement of seed in situ, vegetative propagation, symbiotic germination in non-sterile organic matter, symbiotic germination in sterile culture, asymbiotic sterile germination and clonal division in tissue culture. These form a continuum of complexity, cost, time required, faculties needed, as well as the capacity to maintain genetic diversity and produce seedlings preadapted to survive in situ. They all start with seed collection and lead to seed storage, living collections used as tuber banks and seed orchards, as well as translocation for conservation. They could also lead to commercial availability and sustainable ecotourism, both of which are needed to reduce pressure on wild plants. Overall, there has been a strong preference to use relatively complex, expensive and time-consuming methods for orchid conservation, despite evidence that simpler approaches have also been successful. These simpler methods, which include in situ seed placement and non-sterile germination on inorganic substrates, should be trialled in combination with more complex orchid propagation methods as part of an adaptive management framework. It is essential that orchid conservation projects harness the unique biological features of orchids, such as abundant seed production and mycorrhizal fungi which are far more widespread than their hosts. This is necessary to increase the efficiency and coverage of recovery actions for the largest and most threatened plant family.Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 26 April 2020

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A method for facilitating the seed germination of a mycoheterotrophic orchid, Gastrodia pubilabiata, using decomposed leaf litter harboring a basidiomycete fungus, Mycena sp.

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Evolutionary histories and mycorrhizal associations of mycoheterotrophic plants dependent on saprotrophic fungi

Evolutionary histories and mycorrhizal associations of mycoheterotrophic plants dependent on saprotrophic fungi

Orchid conservation: how can we meet the challenges in the twenty-first century?

A Proposed Framework for Efficient and Cost-Effective Terrestrial Orchid Conservation

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