A Method for Evaluating both Non-Narcotic and Narcotic Analgesics

Siegmund, Estelle A.; Cadmus, Richard; Lu, Go

doi:10.3181/00379727-95-23345

Cited by 451 publications

(257 citation statements)

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“…The acetic acid-induced writhing is a standard test for pain, sensitive to opiates as well as non-opiates analgesics (Siegmund et al, 1957;Steranka et al, 1987). The associated nociceptive response is believed to involve the release of endogenous substances such as bradykinin (BK) and prostanoids among others, that stimulate nociceptive endings (Whittle, 1964;Berkenkopf & Weichman, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for activation of the tissue kallikrein‐kinin system in nociceptive transmission and inflammatory responses of mice using a specific enzyme inhibitor

Emim¹,

Souccar²,

Castro³

et al. 2000

British J Pharmacology

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1 The pharmacological activity of phenylacetyl-Phe-Ser-Arg-N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-ethylenediamine (TKI), a tissue kallikrein speci®c inhibitor, was assessed using models of nociception and in¯ammation in mice. 2 Injection of TKI (13.6 ± 136 mmol kg 71 , i.p. or 41 ± 410 mmol kg 71 , s.c.) produced a dose-related inhibition of the acetic acid-induced writhes (by 37 to 85% or 34 to 80%, respectively). The antinociceptive activity of TKI (41 mmol kg 71 , i.p.) was maximal after 30 min injection and lasted for 120 min. The e ect was unaltered by pretreatment with naloxone (8.2 mmol kg 71 , s.c.) or bilateral adrenalectomy. 3 TKI (41 and 136 mmol kg 71 , i.p.) produced a dose-related decrease of the late phase of formalininduced nociception by 79 and 98%, respectively. At 136 mmol kg 71 , i.p., TKI also shortened the duration of paw licking in the early phase by 69%. TKI (41 and 136 mmol kg 71 , i.p.) also reduced the capsaicin-induced nociceptive response (by 51 to 79%). 4 TKI (41 mmol kg 71 , i.p. or 410 mmol kg 71 , s.c.) reduced the oedematogenic response, from the second to the ®fth hour after carrageenin injection by 36 to 30% or by 47 to 39%, respectively. 5 Pretreatment with TKI (41 mmol kg 71 , i.p.) reduced the capsaicin-induced neurogenic in¯ammation in the mouse ear by 54%. 6 It is concluded that TKI presents antinociceptive and antiin¯ammatory activities mediated by inhibition of kinin formation by tissue kallikrein in mice. The results also indicate that the tissue kallikrein-dependent pathway contributes to kinin generation in nociceptive and in¯ammatory processes in mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for activation of the tissue kallikrein‐kinin system in nociceptive transmission and inflammatory responses of mice using a specific enzyme inhibitor

Emim¹,

Souccar²,

Castro³

et al. 2000

British J Pharmacology

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“…Observamos mudan ças no comportamento geral, na função intestinal, no sistema cardiovascular e metabóli-co. Observamos também efeitos que podem significar efeitos analgésicos e hiperalgési-cos. Isto porém tem que ser estudado em detalhes para poder ser confirmado. Os efeitos obtidos com o método de "writhing" utilizado no presente estudo não mostra necessária -mente sÓ efeitos analgésicos ou hiperalgésicos (Siegmund et al ., 1957). De qualquer fo£ ma os resultados obtidos com certeza significam uma interferência dos extratos no siste ma nervoso e/ou na função da musculatura esquelética.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Folha, talo e bulbo de alho (Allium sativum): Alguns efeitos farmacológicos "In Vivo"

et al. 1988

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Alguns efeitos farmacológicos da folha, talo e bulbo do alho foram investigados. Os extratos foram preparados por triturarão em solução etanólica 50%. Após evaporação a concentração final foi ajustada para 100 mg sólidos/ml. A dose utilizada foi de 1 g sólidos/kg por via oral. Vários efeitos (discretos) foram observados em comundongos, tais como diarréia, ptose e piloereção. Em ratos observou-se efeito hipoglicêmico do bulbo, efeitos analgésicos e hiperalgésicos dos três extratos e em ratos com hipertensão espontânea (mas não em ratos normotensos) um pronuciado efeito antihipertensivo de longa duração.

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“…In this model, the behavior reaction on first phase can be blocked by drugs with analgesic action similar to kinins antagonists and central opioid analgesics (Barber et al, 1994;Siegmund et al, 1957;Steranka et al, 1987), besides NMDA and vanilloids antagonists (Hunskaar & Hole, 1987;Shibata et al, 1989) Steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, kinins antagonists and opioids (central and peripheral) inhibits the second phase of formalin test (Hopkins, 2003).…”

Section: Carrageenan-induced Peritonitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ethanolic extract of leaves of Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae (pacari), in pain and inflammation models

Guimarães¹,

Nascimento²,

Tavares³

et al. 2010

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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RESUMO: "Efeitos do extrato etanólico das folhas de Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae (pacari), em modelos de dor e inflamação". O pacari (Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae) é uma espécie vegetal nativa do cerrado, o extrato da casca de caule é utilizado popularmente para dores e inflamação, tendo mostrado atividade sedativa. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do extrato etanólico das folhas do pacari (EEFP) como analgésico e antiinflamatório. As atividades analgésica e antiinflamatória foram verificadas em camundongos. O tratamento prévio com EEFP 1,0 g/kg mostrou atividade antinociceptiva tanto no método das contorções abdominais induzidas por ácido acético como também no modelo de dor induzida por formalina, tanto na fase neurogênica quanto na fase inflamatória. Os pré-tratamentos com o EEFP reduziram o edema de orelha, induzido por óleo de cróton, de forma dose-dependente. Os testes de atividade no sistema nervoso central mostraram que o extrato não provoca incoordenação motora nem hipnose ou sedação. Os resultados mostram que o EEFP mantém as atividades analgésica e antiinflamatória do extrato das cascas do caule do pacari, sendo que a coleta das folhas favorece a preservação desta espécie nativa do cerrado.Unitermos: Dor, inflamação, extrato das folhas, Lafoensia pacari, Lythraceae.ABSTRACT: Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae, popularly known as pacari, is a Cerrado's native specimen; the stem bark extract is used in folk for pain and inflammation, also showing sedating activity. This study aimed to evaluate the analgesic and anti inflammatory activities of ethanol extract from pacari leaves (EEPL). These activities were verified in mice. The previous treatment with EEPL 1.0 g/kg showed antinociceptive activity both in the acetic acid-induced writing test and in the formalin-induced model of pain, and in neurogenic and inflammatory phases as well. In the croton oil-induced ear edema, the pre-treatments with EEPL reduced the edema in a dose-dependent manner. Also in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis, the two major doses tested (2.0 and 1.5 g/kg p.o.) were able to reduce the leukocyte migration in a dose-dependent manner. The Central Nervous System tests showed that the extract does not elicit uncoordinated motricity, hypnosis or sedating effects. The results showed that EEPL maintains the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the stem bark of pacari, being the collect of leaves more favorable to the preservation of this Cerrado's native specimen.

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A Method for Evaluating both Non-Narcotic and Narcotic Analgesics

Cited by 451 publications

References 0 publications

Evidence for activation of the tissue kallikrein‐kinin system in nociceptive transmission and inflammatory responses of mice using a specific enzyme inhibitor

Evidence for activation of the tissue kallikrein‐kinin system in nociceptive transmission and inflammatory responses of mice using a specific enzyme inhibitor

Folha, talo e bulbo de alho (Allium sativum): Alguns efeitos farmacológicos "In Vivo"

Effects of ethanolic extract of leaves of Lafoensia pacari A. St.-Hil., Lythraceae (pacari), in pain and inflammation models

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