A Method for Estimating the Average Bone-Marrow Dose from Some Fluoroscopic Examinations

Liuzzi, Antonio; Ms, Blatz; Eisenbud, Merril

doi:10.1148/82.1.99

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The recent NRPB survey, for example, chose the gonad dose as the end-point of the investigation (Wall et al, 1980). Other reports have appeared in the literature concerning gonad doses (Billings et al, 1957;Laughlin et al, 1957;Johns & Wilson, 1958;Epp et al, 1963;Adrian Committee, 1966;Yoshinaga et al, 1967;Antoku & Russell, 1971), bone marrow dose (Laughlin et al, 1957;Epp et al, 1963;Luizzi et al, 1964;Yoshinaga et al, 1967;Antoku & Russell, 1971), and thyroid dose (Bhatnagar et al, 1981). The importance of minimising fetal dosage in obstetric examinations has also long been appreciated (Bewley et al, 1957;Clayton et al, 1957;Baker et al, 1979;Jacobson & Conley, 1976;Rugh, 1963a,b;Axelsson & Ohlsen, 1979).…”

Section: The Site Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of radiation doses to patients in five common diagnostic examinations. I. Principles and techniques of dose evaluation by indirect measurement II. Survey results

Harrison¹,

Clayton²,

Day³

et al. 1983

BJR

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Techniques for the determination of radiation doses to patients in diagnostic radiology are briefly reviewed. Attention is focused upon indirect methods in which measurements of Xray output are made prior to the actual examination, thereby enabling the entrance skin dose to be calculated if radiographic factors are known. Indirect methods are compared with direct methods which involve TLD measurements on the patient. For certain examinations involving automatic exposure control, and in fluoroscopy, retrospective simulations of the examination or direct methods may be used to supplement the calculations.In order to appreciate the significance of inter-hospital variations, the "speed" of an X-ray imaging system is quantified in terms of the "speeds" of individual components of the imaging chain such as tube potential, film-screen speed, grid attenuation and the performance of the automatic film processor. These "system speed factors" (SSF) may be multiplied together to give a combined SSF which indicates the relative efficiency with which a particular X-ray imaging system utilises the X-ray flux incident upon the patient.

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Section: The Site Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of radiation doses to patients in five common diagnostic examinations. I. Principles and techniques of dose evaluation by indirect measurement II. Survey results

Harrison¹,

Clayton²,

Day³

et al. 1983

BJR

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show abstract

“…Several authors have described the use of film to measure skin dose. [8][9][10][11][12] However most photographic films are too sensitive at diagnostic x-ray energies for use as dosimeters in interventional procedures 13 and accuracy is limited to about 20-25%. Since interventional procedures often require repositioning of the x-ray source relative to the patient, it is not possible to predict where the maximum skin dose will occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of laser stimulated TLD arrays as patient dose monitors in high dose x‐ray imaging

et al. 1997

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Skin entrance doses of patients undergoing interventional x-ray procedures are capable of causing skin damage and should be monitored routinely. Single TLD chips are not suitable because the location of maximum skin exposure cannot be predicted. Most photographic films are too sensitive at diagnostic x-ray energies for dosimetry, exhibit temporal changes in response, and require special packaging by the user. We have investigated the suitability of laser heated MgB4O7 TLDs in a polyimide binder in the range of 0.2-20 Gy. These are available in radioluscent arrays up to 30 x 30 cm for direct measurement of patient skin dose. Dose response was compared with a calibrated ion chamber dosimeter. Exposures were made at 60, 90, and 120 kVp, at low (fluoroscopy) and high (DSA) dose rates, and at different beam incidence angles. Longitudinal reproducibility and response to temperature changes during exposure were also checked. The dose response is linear below approximately 6 Gy where the slope starts to increase 2% per Gy. Errors were less than +/- 2% over a 0-80 degrees range of beam incidence angles; less than +/- 3% for both dose rate variations and kVp differences between 70 and 120 kVp. The response was unaffected by temperature changes between 20 and 37 degrees C. Reproducibility is current +/- 7%. MgB4O7 TLD arrays are suitable for patient dosimetry in high dose fluoroscopy procedures if appropriate calibrations are used. Uncertainty in skin dose measurement is less than 10%, which is substantially better than film dosimetry.

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Active Bone Marrow Distribution in the Adult

Russell¹,

Yoshinaga²,

Antoku³

et al. 1966

BJR

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A Method for Estimating the Average Bone-Marrow Dose from Some Fluoroscopic Examinations

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

A survey of radiation doses to patients in five common diagnostic examinations. I. Principles and techniques of dose evaluation by indirect measurement II. Survey results

A survey of radiation doses to patients in five common diagnostic examinations. I. Principles and techniques of dose evaluation by indirect measurement II. Survey results

Suitability of laser stimulated TLD arrays as patient dose monitors in high dose x‐ray imaging

Active Bone Marrow Distribution in the Adult

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