Objective-Theoretical models of cognitive aging are increasingly recognizing the importance of anxiety and depressive symptoms in predicting age-related cognitive changes and early dementia. This study examined the association between mild worry and depressive symptoms, and cognitive function in healthy, community-dwelling older adults.Method-A total of 263 healthy older adults participated in an observational prospective cohort study that assessed worry and depression symptoms, and a broad range of cognitive functions over a 2-year period.Results-Older adults with mildly elevated worry symptoms at baseline performed worse than older adults with minimal worry symptoms on measures of visual and paired associate learning. They were also more likely to show clinically significant (> 1.5 standard deviation) decline in visual learning and memory at a 2-year follow-up assessment (9.4% versus 2.5%; odds ratio = 3.8).Conclusion-Assessment of worry symptoms, even mild levels, may have utility in predicting early cognitive decline in healthy, community-dwelling older adults.
OBJECTIVETheoretical models of cognitive aging are increasingly recognizing that anxiety symptoms are associated with reduced cognitive function 1-4 and may predict age-related cognitive decline, as well as dementia. 1,[5][6][7] According to these models, anxiety symptoms interfere with cognitive performance by diverting and preoccupying attentional resources to fear-and threat-related information. 1,2,8,9 Because anxiety-related thoughts are verbal in nature and depend on working memory and executive control, anxiety is thought to interfere predominantly with performance on verbal tasks and tasks that require complex attention and coordination, but not with simple visuospatial tasks with low executive demands. [1][2][3][8][9][10] Send correspondence and reprint requests to Robert H. Pietrzak, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue/151E, West Haven, CT 06516. robert.pietrzak@yale.edu. Dr Pietrzak receives partial salary support from CogState, Ltd., a cognitive test company that provided the cognitive tests used in this study. Dr Maruff, Dr Darby, Ms Fredrickson, and Ms Fredrickson are full-time employees and Dr Maruff and Dr Darby are shareholders of CogState, Ltd.
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Author ManuscriptAm J Geriatr Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 March 1.
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NIH-PA Author ManuscriptA growing body of research has documented the association between elevated anxiety and reductions in cognitive function in older adults. 1 This research has shown that older adults with clinically elevated anxiety symptoms score lower on global cognitive screening measures, 6,11-13 as well as on measures of episodic memory 4,12 and executive function (e.g., set-shifting 12,14 ). Similarly, studies of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have found higher rates of anxiety symptoms compared to healthy controls [15]...