Summary.We investigated the electronmicroscopic (EM) features and cellular lysozyme (LZ) content in 16 cases of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL): 11 cases of the hypergranular form (M3) and five cases of the microgranular variant (M3-V). The main EM features in all cases were: irregular, folded or bilobed nuclei, many cytoplasmic granules, distended rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae which, in some cases, presented as stellate forms (more frequent in M3-V), and bundles of cytoplasmic microfilaments. Many Auer rods were present in M3 cases and few in M3-V; most of these disclosed parallel tubular arrays (PTA) with a varied periodicity ranging from 13 to 26 nm. There was a significant difference between M3 and M3-V (P<0·0001) in both the number of granules per cell section (62·9 Ϯ 34·5 v 38·0 Ϯ 23·6) and in the granule section area (0·044Ϯ0·033 v 0·026Ϯ0·015 mm 2 ). In some cases, mainly in M3-V, we found cells with large granules containing PTA which probably represent poorly developed Auer rods. Intracellular LZ content assayed by a postembedding immunogold method, showed high granular LZ density (in the range of that found in M4 and M5) in M3 cells and very low granular LZ content in M3-V. This study adds new objective parameters for the diagnosis of these two types of APL and provides new information on their LZ pattern of expression.