A method based on encryption and node rating for securing the RPL protocol communications in the IoT ecosystem

Summary The traditional centralized cloud computing (CC) model faces a range of problems with the exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, like high latency, reduced bandwidth, and network instability. Fog computing (FC) takes the cloud closer to IoT computers to overcome these problems. Rather than moving them to the cloud, the FC provides local IoT data processing and storage on IoT computers. This paper focuses on the Routing Protocol for Low‐Power and Lossy Network (RPL), a universally routing protocol for a static environment that is used for reducing energy consumption, delay, and packet loss with data aggregation at the border router using a fog simulation model in Contiki Cooja. The objective function (OF) choice has an impact on network topology, as each node selects a set of potential parents to send to the destination. However, no systematic analysis of the effects of OF behavior in the RPL environment has been undertaken. Here, three different OFs, Objective Function Zero (OF0), Advanced Objective Function Zero (AOF0), and Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF) for RPL in the static environment for different node numbers, have been compared. The findings demonstrate that altering all three OFs has a significant impact on RPL. The energy consumption is reduced in the case of the AOF0 in the fog node by 50.86%, which is less than the case of the OF0 and MRHOF function. Extensive simulations show that AOF0 outperforms the existing OFs.

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy‐efficient fog computing in Internet of Things based on Routing Protocol for Low‐Power and Lossy Network with Contiki

Kumar

Sharma

Goyal

et al. 2021

“…The article mainly focuses on attacks against the RPL protocol and mitigation methods based on trust models. Zaminkar et al 24 presented a method of detecting a sinkhole attack in the RPL protocol, called (DSH‐RPL). The idea of the solution is to detect malicious nodes and prevent malicious behavior using homomorphic encryption.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

RPL rank based‐attack mitigation scheme in IoT environment

Boudouaia

Abouaïssa

Ali-Pacha

et al. 2021

Summary Due to the new technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT), connected objects have become smart interactive devices. However, despite their imminent advantages, whether for the daily life of users or in professional contexts, and the various security solutions proposed in literature in particular, the security of IoT networks is still a paramount issue given to the amount of confidential data that circulates through these technologies. In other words, among the IoT protocols that suffer from security issues, routing protocol for low power and lossy networks (RPL) is considered to be one of the most widely used protocols in the deployment of constrained IoT networks with limited resources (storage and energy constraints for example). On this basis, this article investigates in the first part a security flaw in the RPL protocol by carrying out an attack against the rank value of the RPL in an IoT environment. In the second part, a mitigation scheme to avoid it using a trust threshold is proposed. The malicious behavior of the attack and the effectiveness of the proposed scheme were assessed by detailed simulations using the Cooja simulator, in terms of successful detection rate, average network hops and global energy consumption. To conclude, a fair comparison between the different simulation results has been adopted using the Friedman statistical test, and a discussion has been presented with some future works concerning security against rank attack.

“…IoT intrusion prevention systems such as authentication and encryption can be used as the first line of defense against attacks. 9 These prevention schemes cannot eliminate internal attacks like a black hole, selective forwarding, rank, and wormhole. Since IoT nodes are not physically protected, they are captured and compromised by adversaries.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reputation‐based RPL protocol to detect selective forwarding attack in Internet of Things

Patel

Jinwala

2021

Internet of Things (IoT) is an internet of smart objects where smart objects communicate with each other. IoT objects are deployed in open medium with dynamic topology. Due lack of infrastructure and centralized management, IoT present serious vulnerabilities to security attacks. Therefore, security is an essential prerequisite for the real-world deployment of IoT. In this work, we propose reputation-based RPL protocol where reputation-based mechanism is embedded into RPL protocol to enhance its capabilities against selective forwarding attack. Reputation is calculated by evaluating data forwarding behavior of IoT node. Data forwarding behavior of IoT node is evaluated by the difference between monitored actual packet loss and estimated normal loss. Calculated reputation value is considered in parent selection. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can accurately detect and isolate selective forwarding attack with improving data delivery ratio of the IoT network.