“…Here we used two bias-correction methods, one that was used in the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP) [Hempel et al, 2013] and the cumulative distribution function-based downscaling method (CDFDM) [Iizumi et al, 2010[Iizumi et al, , 2012[Iizumi et al, , 2014; three forcing data sets, the Water and Global Change project forcing data set (WFD) [Weedon et al, 2011], Princeton's global meteorological forcing data set (PFD) [Sheffield et al, 2006], and a new forcing data set S14FD that is elaborated in Appendix A; five GCMs used in the ISI-MIP that were originally provided in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) [Taylor et al, 2012]; and four RCPs (2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 W m À2 ) [van Vuuren et al, 2011]. The name of the forcing data set, S14, is derived from the project number of the Environmental Research and Technology Development Fund, Strategic Research 14, Global Mitigation and Local Adaptation to Climate Change (http:// s-14.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/eng/).…”