A Metaverse: Taxonomy, Components, Applications, and Open Challenges

Park, Sang Min; Kim, Young-Gab

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3140175

Cited by 1,011 publications

(665 citation statements)

References 242 publications

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“…It is predictable that the arrival of Health Metaverse will be accelerated because of the technology integration and the epidemic. Therefore, future research could be devoted to explore the function of VR-aided therapy in Health Metaverse facilitating with achieving more sustainable and social significance to meet the feature of the metaverse [192].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Aided Therapy towards Health 4.0: A Two-Decade Bibliometric Analysis

Liu

Ren

Xiao

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Health 4.0 aligns with Industry 4.0 and encourages the application of the latest technologies to healthcare. Virtual reality (VR) is a potentially significant component of the Health 4.0 vision. Though VR in health care is a popular topic, there is little knowledge of VR-aided therapy from a macro perspective. Therefore, this paper was aimed to explore the research of VR in aiding therapy, thus providing a potential guideline for futures application of therapeutic VR in healthcare towards Health 4.0. A mixed research method was adopted for this research, which comprised the use of a bibliometric analysis (a quantitative method) to conduct a macro overview of VR-aided therapy, the identification of significant research structures and topics, and a qualitative review of the literature to reveal deeper insights. Four major research areas of VR-aided therapy were identified and investigated, i.e., post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and fear related disorder (A&F), diseases of the nervous system (DNS), and pain management, including related medical conditions, therapies, methods, and outcomes. This study is the first to use VOSviewer, a commonly used software tool for constructing and visualizing bibliometric networks and developed by Center for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands, to conduct bibliometric analyses on VR-aided therapy from the perspective of Web of Science core collection (WoSc), which objectively and visually shows research structures and topics, therefore offering instructive insights for health care stakeholders (particularly researchers and service providers) such as including integrating more innovative therapies, emphasizing psychological benefits, using game elements, and introducing design research. The results of this paper facilitate with achieving the vision of Health 4.0 and illustrating a two-decade (2000 to year 2020) map of pre-life of the Health Metaverse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Aided Therapy towards Health 4.0: A Two-Decade Bibliometric Analysis

Liu

Ren

Xiao

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Ning et al [5] present a survey of the development status of metaverse in terms of national policies, industrial projects, infrastructures, supporting technologies, VR, and social metaverse. Park et al [16] discuss three components (i.e., hardware, software, and content) of metaverse and review the user interaction, implementation, and representative applications in the metaverse. Leenes [10] investigate potential privacy risks in the online game Second Life from both social and legal perspectives.…”

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2022 [16] Discuss the hardware, software, and content components of metaverse and review user interaction, implementation, and representative applications in the metaverse.…”

Section: [1]mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy

wang¹,

Zhou²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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<div>Metaverse, as an evolving paradigm of the next-generation Internet, aims to build a fully immersive, hyper spatiotemporal, and self-sustaining virtual shared space for humans to play, work, and socialize. Driven by recent advances in emerging technologies such as extended reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, metaverse is stepping from the science fiction to an upcoming reality. However, severe privacy invasions and security breaches (inherited from underlying technologies or emerged in the new digital ecology) of metaverse can impede its wide deployment. At the same time, a series of fundamental challenges (e.g., scalability and interoperability) can arise in metaverse security provisioning owing to the intrinsic characteristics of metaverse, such as immersive realism, hyper spatiotemporality, sustainability, and heterogeneity.</div><div>In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the fundamentals, security, and privacy of metaverse.</div><div>Specifically, we first investigate a novel distributed metaverse architecture and its key characteristics with ternary-world interactions. Then, we discuss the security and privacy threats, present the critical challenges of metaverse systems, and review the state-of-the-art countermeasures. Finally, we draw open research directions for building future metaverse systems.</div>

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“…At present, the metaverse is defined as a shared virtual 3D world or even multiple cross-platform worlds that can provide users a comprehensively immersive experience with interactive and collaborative activities. Besides virtual places and constructions fixed in the virtual world, many other entities, such as objects, user identities, and digital goods, can be exchanged between different virtual worlds and even reflected into the reality world [3]. Few recent years have witnessed an unprecedented explosion of the metaverse, mostly derived from 3D gaming, which is fueled by the improvement of hardware (e.g., big data storage infrastructure, wireless communication networks, built-in sensors, and graphic processing unit -GPU) and the optimization of software (e.g., resource allocation in communications, language processing, and computer vision) to build the virtual world more solidly and creatively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence for the Metaverse: A Survey

Huynh‐The¹,

Pham²,

Pham³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Along with the massive growth of the Internet from the 1990s until now, various innovative technologies have been created to bring users breathtaking experiences with more virtual interactions in cyberspace. Many virtual environments with thousands of services and applications, from social networks to virtual gaming worlds, have been developed with immersive experience and digital transformation, but most are incoherent instead of being integrated into a platform. In this context, metaverse, a term formed by combining meta and universe, has been introduced as a shared virtual world that is fueled by many emerging technologies, such as fifth-generation networks and beyond, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence (AI). Among such technologies, AI has shown the great importance of processing big data to enhance immersive experience and enable humanlike intelligence of virtual agents. In this survey, we make a beneficial effort to explore the role of AI in the foundation and development of the metaverse. We first deliver a preliminary of AI, including machine learning algorithms and deep learning architectures, and its role in the metaverse. We then convey a comprehensive investigation of AI-based methods concerning six technical aspects that have potentials for the metaverse: natural language processing, machine vision, blockchain, networking, digital twin, and neural interface, and being potential for the metaverse. Subsequently, several AI-aided applications, such as healthcare, manufacturing, smart cities, and gaming, are studied to be deployed in the virtual worlds. Finally, we conclude the key contribution of this survey and open some future research directions in AI for the metaverse.

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A Metaverse: Taxonomy, Components, Applications, and Open Challenges

Cited by 1,011 publications

References 242 publications

Virtual Reality Aided Therapy towards Health 4.0: A Two-Decade Bibliometric Analysis

Virtual Reality Aided Therapy towards Health 4.0: A Two-Decade Bibliometric Analysis

A Survey on Metaverse: Fundamentals, Security, and Privacy

Artificial Intelligence for the Metaverse: A Survey

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