A metamorphic mineral source for tungsten in the turbidite-hosted orogenic gold deposits of the Otago Schist, New Zealand

Cave, Ben J.; Pitcairn, Iain K.; Craw, Dave; Large, Ross R.; Thompson, Jay; Johnson, Sean

doi:10.1007/s00126-016-0677-5

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…7l. It is also noted that highest W values are in py2 compared to py1, which agrees with the metamorphic fluid circulation model suggested by Pitcairn et al (2010) and Large et al (2012) whereby this W enrichment relates to metamorphic recrystallization of W-bearing phases, such as detrital rutile to metamorphic titanite, which liberates W (Cave et al 2015).…”

Section: The Meadowbank Depositsupporting

confidence: 84%

Results of LA-ICP-MS sulfide mapping from Algoma-type BIF gold systems with implications for the nature of mineralizing fluids, metal sources, and deposit models

et al. 2018

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Quantitative laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) element distribution maps combined with traverse mode analyses have been acquired on various sulfides (pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite) from three Canadian Algoma-type BIF-hosted gold deposits (~4 Moz Au Meadowbank, ≥ 2.8 Moz Au Meliadine district,~6 Moz Au Musselwhite). These data, in conjunction with detailed petrographic and SEM-EDS observations, provide insight into the nature and relative timing of gold events, the presence and implication of trace element zoning regarding crystallization processes, and elemental associations that fingerprint gold events. Furthermore, the use of an innovative method of processing the LA-ICP-MS data in map and traverse modes, whereby the results are fragmented into time-slice data, to generate various binary plots (Ag versus Ni) provides a means to identify elemental associations (Te, Bi) not otherwise apparent. This integrated means of treating geochemical data, along with petrography, allows multiple gold events and remobilization processes to be recognized and their elemental associations determined. The main gold event in each of these deposits is characterized by the coupling of an As-Se-Te-Ag element association coincident with intense stratabound sulfide-replacement of the Fe-rich host rock. Additionally, the data reveal the presence of a later remobilization event, which upgraded the Au tenor, as either non-refractory or refractory type, along fracture networks due to the ingress of subsequent base metal-bearing metamorphic fluids (mainly a Pb-Bi association). Furthermore, the data reveal a stratigraphic influence, as reflected in the elemental associations and the elemental enrichments observed and the nature of the sulfide phase hosting the gold mineralization (arsenopyrite versus pyrite).

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Section: The Meadowbank Depositsupporting

confidence: 84%

Results of LA-ICP-MS sulfide mapping from Algoma-type BIF gold systems with implications for the nature of mineralizing fluids, metal sources, and deposit models

et al. 2018

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“…The assertion of Romer and Kroner (2016) that W can be carried by clay minerals is unlikely. Indeed, Cave et al (2017) showed that W enrichment was facilitated by prograde breakdown of rutile to titanite in Otago schist, New Zealand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, rutile may be a very efficient vehicle for W in metamorphic and magmatic systems, as long as the it is not converted to other minerals, e.g., titanite (Cave et al 2017). Under the conditions of high whole-rock Ca activity (Angiboust and Harlov 2017), the liberated tungsten is deposited in scheelite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation mechanism of tungsten in W-Fe-Cr-V-bearing rutile

Majzlan

Bolanz

Göttlicher

et al. 2021

American Mineralogist

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Rutile is a common mineral in many types of ore deposits and can carry chemical or isotopic information about the ore formation. For closer understanding of this information, the mechanisms of incorporation of minor elements should be known. In this work, we have investigated natural rutile crystals with elevated concentration of WO 3 (up to 17.7 wt.%), Cr 2 O 3,tot (7.5), V 2 O 3,tot (4.1), FeO tot (7.3), and other metals. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) on rutile on the Fe K, Cr K, V K, and W L 1 and L 3 edges shows that all cations are coordinated octahedrally. The average oxidation state of V is +3.8, that of Cr near +4. Shell-by-shell fitting of the W L 3 EXAFS data show that W resides in the rutile structure. Raman spectroscopy excluded the possibility of hydrogen as a chargecompensating species. High-resolution TEM and electron diffraction confirm this conclusion as the entire inspected area consists of rutile single crystal with variable amount of metals other than Ti. Our results show that rutile or its precursors can be efficient vehicles for tungsten in sedimentary rocks, leading to their enrichment in W and possibly later fertility This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

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“…Although hydrothermal gold deposits can be hosted in various types of rocks, including meta‐basalt (Pitcairn et al, ; Zhang & Zhu, ), granitoids (Chai et al, ; Jin et al, ; Rezeau et al, ), and volcano‐sedimentary rocks (Cave et al, ; Zhang & Zhu, ; An & Zhu, ), the most common gold‐bearing sulfides in hydrothermal gold deposits hosted by various wall rocks are pyrite and arsenopyrite, which can provide valuable insight about the characteristics and evolution of ore‐forming systems (Large et al, ; King et al, ; Salvi et al, ; Zheng et al, ). In some hydrothermal gold deposits, nickel‐bearing sulfides (e.g., gersdorffite, vaesite) can occur in the mineralized ultramafic rocks (Aydal, ; Zoheir & Lehmann, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Stage Sulfide Mineral Assemblages in the Mineralized Ultramafic Rocks of the Laowangzhai Gold Deposit (Yunnan, SW China): Implications for Metallogenic Evolution

et al. 2019

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The Laowangzhai gold deposit, located in the Ailaoshan gold belt (SW China), is hosted in various types of rocks, including in quartz porphyry, carbonaceous slate, meta‐sandstone, lamprophyre, and altered ultramafic rocks. In contrast to other wall rocks, the orebodies in altered ultramafic rocks are characterized by the occurrence of a large amount of Ni‐bearing minerals. The ore‐forming process of the orebodies hosted by altered ultramafic rocks can be divided into two stages: pyrite‐vaesite‐native gold and gersdorffite‐violarite stages. The contents of As and Sb increased during the evolution of ore‐forming fluid based on the mineral assemblages. Thermodynamic modeling of the Ni‐Cu‐As‐Fe‐S system using the SUPCRT92 software package with the updated database of slop16.dat indicates the fS2 in ore‐forming fluid decreases significantly from stage I to stage II. The decreases of fS2 due to crystallization of sulfides and fO2 due to fluid–rock reaction were responsible for ore formation in altered ultramafic rocks of the Laowangzhai gold deposit. Geological evidence, the in situ sulfur isotope values of pyrite, and the other published isotopic data suggest that the ore‐forming fluid for ultramafic rock ores was dominantly composed of evolved magmatic fluid with the important input of sediments.

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A metamorphic mineral source for tungsten in the turbidite-hosted orogenic gold deposits of the Otago Schist, New Zealand

Cited by 45 publications

References 60 publications

Results of LA-ICP-MS sulfide mapping from Algoma-type BIF gold systems with implications for the nature of mineralizing fluids, metal sources, and deposit models

Results of LA-ICP-MS sulfide mapping from Algoma-type BIF gold systems with implications for the nature of mineralizing fluids, metal sources, and deposit models

Incorporation mechanism of tungsten in W-Fe-Cr-V-bearing rutile

Two‐Stage Sulfide Mineral Assemblages in the Mineralized Ultramafic Rocks of the Laowangzhai Gold Deposit (Yunnan, SW China): Implications for Metallogenic Evolution

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