“…The vehicle fleet is often considered homogeneous; only two papers discuss a heterogeneous fleet (Dotoli and Epicoco, 2016;Pérez Rivera and Mes, 2017). Multiple vehicle depots can be included (Zhang et al, 2009(Zhang et al, , 2010Nossack and Pesch, 2013;Sterzik and Kopfer, 2013;Reinhardt et al, 2016;Shiri and Huynh, 2016). Moreover, to cope with imbalances between demand and supply of containers at different loca- tions, the allocation of empty containers can be modelled (Francis et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2009Zhang et al, , 2010Braekers et al, 2013;Nossack and Pesch, 2013;Sterzik and Kopfer, 2013;Reinhardt et al, 2016;Shiri and Huynh, 2016;Pérez Rivera and Mes, 2017).…”