A meta-analytical review of the familiarity temporal effect: Testing assumptions of the attentional and the fluency-attributional accounts.

Abstract

The current meta-analysis accumulates empirical findings for the familiarity temporal effect (FTE) in duration judgments (the duration of more familiar stimuli is judged to be longer than that of less familiar stimuli). It brings together data from 2 separate literatures: time perception and processing fluency. In doing so, this review offers more and stronger evidence for testing the reliability of the effect; it defines the relevant moderators for addressing the validity of the 2 main explanations for the FTE: the attentional and the fluency-attributional hypotheses. The analysis (random effect model) of a total of 128 experiments (N = 3,338) showed that the effect of familiarity on perceived short durations (seconds) is highly reliable (g = .52); the same (or a similar) effect also occurs for other fluency manipulations (g = .51). The analysis supports assumptions generated by both the attentional and the fluency-misattributional explanations, suggesting that more research is needed to understand their possible dynamic relationship. Hence, this meta-analysis provides important guidance for future research with regard to time estimates.

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“…After this initial set of articles, the first author coded all remaining studies. A second coder (who holds a bachelor's degree in psychology) additionally coded 25% of the studies (for an analogous approach, see, e.g., Asperholm et al, 2019; Fernandes & Garcia-Marques, 2020). The resulting average interrater reliability was κ = .89.…”

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