A meta-analysis on the prevalence of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria

Abstract

Background Rapid emergence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus has resulted to difficulty in treatment of infections caused by such strains. The aim of this meta-analysis study was to determine the pooled prevalence of resistance of S. aureus to different antibiotics in Nigeria. Methods Literature search for studies was done using Google scholar, PubMed, Science direct, and African Journal Online. The prevalence of S. aureus resistance to different antibiotics was evaluated using the meta-analysis proportion command in MedCalc software version 20.0 adopting a rand effect model. I2 statistic and Egger test in MedCalc was used to evaluate the heterogeneity and the presence of publication bias among studies respectively. Results A total of 40, 682 studies were retrieved through the database search of which 98 studies met the study inclusion criteria. Prevalence of resistance of S. aureus to different antibiotics ranges from 13 to 82%. Results showed a very high degree of resistance to penicillin G (82% [95% confidence interval (CI) 61%, 0.96%]), cloxacillin (77% [95% CI 64%, 88%]), amoxacillin (74% [95% CI 66%, 81%]), cefuroxime (69% [95% CI 51%, 85%]), ampicillin (68% [95% CI 53%, 81%]). Moderately resistance to erythromycin (47% [95% CI 40%, 53%]), chloramphenicol (47% [95% CI 37%, 56%]), methicillin (46% [95% CI 37%, 56%]), ofloxacin (24% [95% CI 18%, 31%]) and rifampicin 24% [95% CI 6%, 48%]). Low resistance was observed in vancomycin 13% (95% CI 7%, 21%). For each individual meta-analysis, high heterogeneity was observed with I2 range (79.36–98.60%) at p-values ≤ 0.01). Egger’s tests for regression intercept in funnel plots indicated no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion This meta-analysis study established that S. aureus in Nigeria has developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as the beta-lactam class antibiotics, sulphonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin. Hence it is imperative to develop programs to promote rational use of antimicrobial agents, infection prevention and control to reduce the incidence of antimicrobial resistance.

Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization of staphylococcus aureus from Different Animal Food Origins in Jimma, South Western Ethiopia

“…This aligns with previous studies that have reported high rates of resistance to these drug classes in S. aureus isolates due to the production of the enzyme penicillinase/β-lactamase, which inactivates beta-lactam antibiotics [49], [50], [51], [52], [53]. Additionally, other studies [54], have documented multidrug resistance to these antibiotic classes.…”

Update on Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Resistance—A Retrospective Study in Females in Conjunction with Clinical Data

“…represented the second most frequent Gram-positive uropathogen, emphasizing the highest rates of resistance to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Even more worrying results than the present ones were published this year in a large metaanalysis in Nigeria [62], which showed the highest resistances to penicillins (over 80%) and aminopenicillins and the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination (over 50% of strains). Similar results were found in another study published this spring in Iran by Maryam Rafiee et al [63], noting over 85% of Staphylococcus strains resistant to penicillin, and showing susceptibility rates relatively similar to the present study for linezolid (84%) and levofloxacin (94%).…”

Detection and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Multidrug Resistant Staphylococccus aureus from Wound Infection at Tertiary Hospital in Yenagoa, Nigeria

“…MRSA infections are considered potentially fatal due to the bacterium's ease of spread and resistance to treatment. The emergence of multi-resistant strains has further made therapy options difficult [2].…”

“…According to a meta-analysis, S. aureus resistance to several antibiotics ranged from 13 to 82% in Nigeria. The results from a study revealed the resistance of S. aureus to routinely used antibiotics in Nigeria to be 82% [2]. Furthermore, the increase in drug resistance is of a great concern and requires urgent attention.…”