A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Livestock and Poultry Worldwide

Hajimohammadi, Bahador; Ahmadian, Salman; Firoozi, Zohre; Askari, Maryam; Mohammadi, Masoud; Eslami, Gilda; Askari, Vahideh; Loni, Elahe; Barzegar-Bafrouei, Raziyeh; Boozhmehrani, Mohammad Javad

doi:10.1007/s10393-022-01575-x

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Previous attempts at estimating T. gondii seroprevalence in animals using meta-analyses were mostly bound to a single country outside of Europe [ 30 , 31 ] or focused on a limited number of animal species [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. The only recently published meta-analysis overlooking the European livestock and poultry seroprevalence data within a comparable time period provides only a single combined seroprevalence (43.5%, 95% CI: 32.1–55.6%) for all included species [ 35 ]. It is not justified or possible to validate the outcomes of the present model by comparison to original seroprevalence studies in animals in Europe because these studies were the input for our model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review and Modelling of Age-Dependent Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Livestock, Wildlife and Felids in Europe

et al. 2023

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Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of importance to both human and animal health. The parasite has various transmission routes, and the meat of infected animals appears to be a major source of human infections in Europe. We aimed to estimate T. gondii prevalence in a selection of animal host species. A systematic literature review resulting in 226 eligible publications was carried out, and serological data were analyzed using an age-dependent Bayesian hierarchical model to obtain estimates for the regional T. gondii seroprevalence in livestock, wildlife, and felids. Prevalence estimates varied between species, regions, indoor/outdoor rearing, and types of detection methods applied. The lowest estimated seroprevalence was observed for indoor-kept lagomorphs at 4.8% (95% CI: 1.8–7.5%) and the highest for outdoor-kept sheep at 63.3% (95% CI: 53.0–79.3%). Overall, T. gondii seroprevalence estimates were highest within Eastern Europe, whilst being lowest in Northern Europe. Prevalence data based on direct detection methods were scarce and were not modelled but rather directly summarized by species. The outcomes of the meta-analysis can be used to extrapolate data to areas with a lack of data and provide valuable inputs for future source attribution approaches aiming to estimate the relative contribution of different sources of T. gondii human infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review and Modelling of Age-Dependent Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Livestock, Wildlife and Felids in Europe

et al. 2023

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“…Our result also expressed a lower prevalence compared to the Tunisian study performed by PCR target B1 which showed a much higher prevalence of 43.3% ( Zrelli, 2022 ). According to our search in the literature, the highest prevalence of T. gondii in livestock and poultry animals was found in Asia in 2014 with 89.8% ( Hajimohammadi et al ., 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern Libya

Awad¹,

Sardjono²,

Fitri³

et al. 2023

Open Vet J

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the zoonotic protozoa parasites. It can prevalently infect humans and warm-blooded animals, causing human health problems and substantial economic losses to the livestock industry worldwide. Chicken is one of the potential sources of toxoplasmosis, but there is no report of the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and their genotypes in free-range chickens in Libya. Aim: The current study aims to conduct a survey of molecular prevalence and identify the Toxoplasma gondii genotype in free-range chickens and its association with the risk factors of age, gender, and region in Northeastern Libya. Methods: This study was conducted by examining a total of 315 free-range chicken organs (brain and heart) derived from three administrative districts in Northeastern Libya. The molecular prevalence was determined by PCR technique using B1 gene amplification and the Toxoplasma gondii genotype was determined by nested PCR-RFLP of GRA6 gene amplicon with restriction enzymes (MseI). Results: The overall molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chicken in all three districts was 9.5% (30/315), and the highest (15.4%) was in the Al-Marj district (p =0.01; ?2 =9.238). The highest prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii by age was in chickens aged more than two years (p = 0.001; ?2 = 15.530). The difference in Toxoplasma gondii prevalence in male and female chickens was not significant (p = 0.372; ?2 = 0.798). The predominant genotype I (93.3%) had identified at position 544 bp and 194 bp at the GRA6 marker, and only two positives were from genotype II (6.7%) at 700 bp and 100 bp fragment. Conclusion: The molecular prevalence of toxoplasmosis in free-range chicken in three districts in Northeastern Libya was 9.5%, and the highest rate was shown in the Al Marj district. Chicken by age more than two years had more risk to transmit toxoplasmosis in human. There was no different infection risk by consuming male or female free-range chicken. It is the first report to determine the predominant genotype, which was genotype I.

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“…Balkaya et al (7) found that the prevalence of the parasite was 62%, which is also compatible with our result. However, T. gondii is common not only in equids, but also in other mammalian species, such as sheep, cattle, cats, dogs, and humans, in Turkey and worldwide (20,25,48). It can be suggested that T. gondii is highly prevalent in Turkey in both humans and other mammalians, which is a very prominent problem for public health (7,15).…”

Section: Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of the selected parasites and viral infections in horses and donkeys in Turkey

BAYDAR¹,

AYDOGDU²,

UTUK³

et al. 2023

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of certain protozoa (B. caballi, T. equi, T. gondii, Neospora sp.) and viral agents (equine influenza, equine viral arteritis, equine herpesviruses) of equids in Balikesir and its surroundings, in Turkey. Plasma and serum samples were collected from 66 horses and 96 donkeys. Babesia caballi, T. equi and Neospora sp. antibodies were detected with c-ELISA, whereas T. gondii antibodies were revealed by the Sabin Feldman Dye test. Viral agents were detected by the PCR technique. The prevalence rates of the protozoa in horses were 12.12% for B. caballi, 34.84% for T. equi, 9.09% for T. gondii, and 10.6% for Neospora sp. The molecular prevalence of the viral agents amounted to 3.03% for equine influenza virus and 6.06% for equine herpesvirus 5. Equine viral arteritis virus and other herpesviruses (1, 2 and 4) were not detected in any of the samples. The rates of seropositivity in donkeys were 1.69% for B. caballi, 71.87% for T. equi, 90.62% for T. gondii, 23.95% for Neospora sp., 1.04% for equine influenza virus, 0% for equine viral arteritis virus, 3.12% for equine herpesvirus 5, and 0% for other herpesviruses. This study is the first to report the existence of anti-Neospora sp. antibodies in donkeys and the seroprevalence of T. gondii in horses and donkeys in Western Anatolia, Turkey.

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A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Livestock and Poultry Worldwide

Cited by 15 publications

References 132 publications

Systematic Review and Modelling of Age-Dependent Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Livestock, Wildlife and Felids in Europe

Systematic Review and Modelling of Age-Dependent Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Livestock, Wildlife and Felids in Europe

Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in free range chicken in Northeastern Libya

Occurrence of the selected parasites and viral infections in horses and donkeys in Turkey

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