A Meta-Analysis of the Magnitude of Biased Attention in Depression

Peckham, Andrew; McHugh, R. Kathryn; Otto, Michael W.

doi:10.1002/da.22092

Cited by 69 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…The present study and that by Roelofs et al (2007), which also employed a facial stimulus, generated a similar result. Thus, the present result suggests that stress-induced cortisol equally impacts attentional bias toward a facial and a non-facial stimulus, which is consistent with the meta-analytic study that reported no difference in effect size between a facial and a non-facial stimulus on attentional bias in depression (Peckham et al 2010). However, because facial stimuli are more salient than verbal stimuli, it is necessary to investigate whether the same result is obtained using a facial stimulus for a dot-probe task.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Most previous studies on the cortisol actions on attentional bias used facial stimuli. However, since depressed individuals exhibits attentional bias toward a verbal stimulus as well as a facial one (Peckham et al 2010), this study used a verbal stimulus for the dot-probe task. Depression-related and neutral words used in the study were selected from the pool of words that previous studies confirmed were related to depression or had neutral emotional valence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An early stage attentional bias is based on automatic processing, and a late stage attentional bias is based on controlled processing (Cisler and Koster 2010;Williams et al 1997). However, a meta-analytic study shows that the relationship between depression and attentional bias is stronger in studies using a dot-probe task compared to those using an emotional Stroop task (Peckham et al 2010). On the basis of the finding that there was no correlation between performances in a dot-probe task and an emotional Stroop task (Mogg et al 2000), it was suggested that a dot-probe task and an emotional Stroop task may measure different attentional processes (Applehans and Luecken 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acutely Elevated Cortisol in Response to Stressor Is Associated with Attentional Bias Toward Depression-Related Stimuli but Is Not Associated with Attentional Function

Tsumura

Shimada

2011

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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Cortisol induces attentional bias toward a negative stimulus and impaired attentional function. Depressed individuals have high levels of cortisol, and exhibit an attentional bias toward a depression-related stimulus and impaired processing speed and executive attention, which are components of attentional function. Therefore, the study tested the hypotheses that an acute increase in cortisol in response to a stressor is associated with attentional bias toward a depression-related stimulus and impaired processing speed and executive attention. Thirty-six participants were administered the dot-probe task for the measurement of attentional bias toward a depression-related stimulus and the Trail Making Test A and B for the measurement of processing speed and executive attention before and after a mental arithmetic task. It was revealed that attentional bias toward a depression-related stimulus following the stressor was observed only among the responders (i.e., participants with cortisol elevation in response to a stressor). On the other hand, no differences in the performance of processing speed and executive attention were noted between the responders and non-responders. The results indicate that acutely elevated cortisol is related to attentional bias, but is not related to processing speed and executive attention. The results have an implication for the etiology of depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acutely Elevated Cortisol in Response to Stressor Is Associated with Attentional Bias Toward Depression-Related Stimuli but Is Not Associated with Attentional Function

Tsumura

Shimada

2011

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

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“…Because attentional biases are symptomatic of anxiety and depression (26)(27)(28), we further examined the relation between combat-word sparing and GAD-7 and PHQ9 scores, as well as the relationship between PTSD symptoms as measured by the PCL and combat-word sparing within the PTSD group alone. Results, reported in detail in the supplemental information and illustrated in Figure 2c, indicated that combat-word sparing was related to both anxiety and depression, and this difference was driven by the soldiers with PTSD.…”

Section: Behavioural Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soldiers With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder See a World Full of Threat: Magnetoencephalography Reveals Enhanced Tuning to Combat-Related Cues

Todd

MacDonald

Sedge

et al. 2015

Biological Psychiatry

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“…Investigators have noted that the disproportionate slowing to color name negative words displayed by high negative affectivity participants may not reflect increased attention to the emotional content of such negative words, but may instead reflect a heightened general response freezing in the presence of negative information (Peckham et al 2010). An even more forceful criticism of the emotional Stroop task is that such slowing to color name negative words could in principle reflect the direction of attentional resources away from negative word stimuli altogether, thereby impairing the apprehension of their color (c.f.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Positive Perspective on Attentional Bias: Positive Affectivity and Attentional Bias to Positive Information

Grafton

MacLeod

2016

J Happiness Stud

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In recent years there has been growing interest in determining the attentional basis of positive affectivity. Investigators have sought to evaluate the hypothesis that elevated positive affectivity is characterized by an attentional bias that favours the processing of positive information over neutral information. Unfortunately, in the studies carried out to date, the assessment procedures used by researchers to assess such attentional selectivity have either been methodologically limited or methodologically flawed. Hence, the validity of the hypothesis has remained indeterminate. To overcome the problems associated with attentional assessment procedures used in previous studies, and so shed light on the attentional basis of positive affectivity, we employed an appropriate variant of the attentional probe task. Our findings show that participants high in positive affectivity displayed greater relative attention to positive information compared to neutral information, than was the case for their low positive affectivity counterparts. Thus, the present results support the hypothesis that an attentional bias to positive information, relative to neutral information, is characteristic of elevated positive affectivity.

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A Meta-Analysis of the Magnitude of Biased Attention in Depression

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Acutely Elevated Cortisol in Response to Stressor Is Associated with Attentional Bias Toward Depression-Related Stimuli but Is Not Associated with Attentional Function

Acutely Elevated Cortisol in Response to Stressor Is Associated with Attentional Bias Toward Depression-Related Stimuli but Is Not Associated with Attentional Function

Soldiers With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder See a World Full of Threat: Magnetoencephalography Reveals Enhanced Tuning to Combat-Related Cues

A Positive Perspective on Attentional Bias: Positive Affectivity and Attentional Bias to Positive Information

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