A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Soy Protein Supplementation on Serum Lipids

Reynolds, Kristi; Chin, Ashley; Lees, Karen; Nguyen, Aline; Bujnowski, Deborah; He, Jiang

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.03.042

Cited by 207 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, many clinical studies included in the meta-analysis were not randomized controlled trials. In a more recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials, Reynolds et al (2006) reported that the lipid-lowering effect of soy protein was smaller than previously reported. Our study showed that the effects of soy protein on lipids are moderate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…In the American Heart Association Science Advisory that assessed 22 randomized trials of soy protein, the committee reported a modest average reduction in LDL cholesterol of about 3% and no significant effect on HDL cholesterol, triglycerides or lipoprotein(a) (Sacks et al, 2006). However, most of these studies used milk protein supplementation as control and were conducted in patients with hypercholesterolemia or postmenopausal women (Anderson et al, 1995;Reynolds et al, 2006;Sacks et al, 2006). In this study, we compare the effects of soy protein, milk protein and complex carbohydrate supplementations on serum lipids and lipoproteins in a randomized controlled crossover trial among men and women aged 22 years and older without hypercholesterolemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical studies of soy protein have reported findings that vary with respect to the magnitude of serum lipids reduction (Anderson et al, 1995;Reynolds et al, 2006;Sacks et al, 2006). In a meta-analysis of 38 clinical studies, Anderson et al, 1995 reported that soy protein intake (averaged 47 g/day) was associated with significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides of 23.2 mg/dl (0.6 mmol/l), 21.7 mg/dl (0.6 mmol/l) and 13.3 mg/dl (0.2 mmol/l), respectively, and a nonsignificant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 1.2 mg/dl (0.03 mmol/l).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a meta-analysis of 38 clinical studies, Anderson et al, 1995 reported that soy protein intake (averaged 47 g/day) was associated with significant reduction in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides of 23.2 mg/dl (0.6 mmol/l), 21.7 mg/dl (0.6 mmol/l) and 13.3 mg/dl (0.2 mmol/l), respectively, and a nonsignificant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 1.2 mg/dl (0.03 mmol/l). In a recent meta-analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials, Reynolds et al (2006) reported a much smaller effect of isolated soy protein supplementation on lipids: a significant reduction in total cholesterol of 5.26 mg/dl (0.14 mmol/l), LDL cholesterol of 4.25 mg/dl (0.11 mmol/l) and triglycerides of 6.26 mg/dl (0.07 mmol/l), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol of 0.77 mg/dl (0.02 mmol/l). In the American Heart Association Science Advisory that assessed 22 randomized trials of soy protein, the committee reported a modest average reduction in LDL cholesterol of about 3% and no significant effect on HDL cholesterol, triglycerides or lipoprotein(a) (Sacks et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of soy and milk protein supplementation on serum lipid levels: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2011

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Background/Objective: Previous clinical trials have documented that soy protein reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol compared with milk protein. However, the effect of soy protein on lipids compared with carbohydrate has not been not well studied. We examined the effect of soy and milk protein supplementation on lipids and lipoproteins compared with carbohydrate among adults without hypercholesterolemia. Subjects/Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, 3-phase crossover trial among 352 US adults with serum total cholesterol level of o240 mg/dl from September 2003 to April 2008. Trial participants were assigned to 40 g/day supplementation of soy protein, milk protein or complex carbohydrate from wheat each for 8 weeks in random order with a 3-week washout period between interventions. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected at the termination of each intervention phase. Results: Compared with carbohydrate, soy protein supplementation was significantly associated with a net change (95% confidence interval (CI)) in total cholesterol and total/HDL cholesterol ratio of À3.97 mg/dl (À7.63 to À0.31, P ¼ 0.03) and À0.12 (À0.23 to À0.01, P ¼ 0.03), respectively. Compared with milk protein, soy protein supplementation was significantly associated with a net change (95% CI) in HDL and total/HDL cholesterol ratio of 1.54 mg/dl (0.63 to 2.44, P ¼ 0.0009) and À0.14 (À0.22 to À0.05, P ¼ 0.001), respectively. Compared with carbohydrate, milk protein supplementation was significantly associated with a net change (95% CI) in HDL of À1.13 mg/dl (À2.05 to À0.22, P ¼ 0.02). Conclusions: This randomized controlled trial indicates that soy protein, but not milk protein, supplementation improves the lipid profile among healthy individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of soy and milk protein supplementation on serum lipid levels: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2011

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“…This assumption is known to be valid and a dose-response relationship exists for b-glucans from oats and cholesterol reduction (58) , and similarly for MUFA from a variety of sources (18) . However, it is rather more contentious as to whether such a relationship exists for soya protein, where a dose-response relationship was reported in one analysis (37) and not in others (38,43) . Nevertheless, despite these weaknesses, the data in Table 2 demonstrate that each single dietary intervention can have a modest effect on LDL-cholesterol and that these effects are biologically plausible.…”

Section: Portfolio Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food combinations for cholesterol lowering

Harland

2012

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Reducing elevated LDL-cholesterol is a key public health challenge. There is substantial evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) that a number of foods and food components can significantly reduce LDL-cholesterol. Data from RCT have been reviewed to determine whether effects are additive when two or more of these components are consumed together. Typically components, such as plant stanols and sterols, soya protein, b-glucans and tree nuts, when consumed individually at their target rate, reduce LDL-cholesterol by 3 -9 %. Improved dietary fat quality, achieved by replacing SFA with unsaturated fat, reduces LDL-cholesterol and can increase HDL-cholesterol, further improving blood lipid profile. It appears that the effect of combining these interventions is largely additive; however, compliance with multiple changes may reduce over time. Food combinations used in ten 'portfolio diet' studies have been reviewed. In clinical efficacy studies of about 1 month where all foods were provided, LDL-cholesterol is reduced by 22-30 %, whereas in community-based studies of .6 months' duration, where dietary advice is the basis of the intervention, reduction in LDL-cholesterol is about 15 %. Inclusion of MUFA into 'portfolio diets' increases HDL-cholesterol, in addition to LDL-cholesterol effects. Compliance with some of these dietary changes can be achieved more easily compared with others. By careful food component selection, appropriate to the individual, the effect of including only two components in the diet with good compliance could be a sustainable 10 % reduction in LDL-cholesterol; this is sufficient to make a substantial impact on cholesterol management and reduce the need for pharmaceutical intervention.

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Soy Protein for the Metabolic Syndrome

Martínez‐Villaluenga

Mejı́a

2010

Bioactive Proteins and Peptides as Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals

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A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Soy Protein Supplementation on Serum Lipids

Cited by 207 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of soy and milk protein supplementation on serum lipid levels: a randomized controlled trial

Effect of soy and milk protein supplementation on serum lipid levels: a randomized controlled trial

Food combinations for cholesterol lowering

Soy Protein for the Metabolic Syndrome

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