A meta-analysis of temperament and character dimensions in patients with mood disorders: Comparison to healthy controls and unaffected siblings

Zaninotto, Leonardo; Solmi, Marco; Toffanin, Tommaso; Veronese, Nicola; Cloninger, C. Robert; Correll, Christoph U.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.077

Cited by 75 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Comorbidities are frequent in BD, including other Axis I diagnoses, alcohol/substance abuse, and personality disorders [5]. BD has been repeatedly associated with specific temperamental and personality traits [6, 7]. However, the relationship between personality and symptoms is very complex in BD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Character is defined in terms of individual differences in self-concepts that develop across the lifespan in response to social environment. It includes 3 dimensions: (1) self directedness (Sd), which is the ability to regulate and adapt behavior to the demands of a situation in order to achieve personally chosen goals; (2) cooperativeness (Co), which expresses the degree to which a person is generally helpful and agreeable in his/her relations with others; and (3) self transcendence (St), which is associated to the ability to recall the past and imagine the future in developing one’s life narrative, as well as to experience an unity with nature and to develop spiritual values [6, 13]. Cloninger’s model and the corresponding instruments of evaluation have been widely applied to subjects affected by mood disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cloninger’s model and the corresponding instruments of evaluation have been widely applied to subjects affected by mood disorders. In a recent meta-analysis [6], it has been found that, compared to healthy subjects (HC), BD patients have higher scores on NS, HA, and St, and lower scores on Sd and Co. Furthermore, compared to major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, BD subjects have higher scores on NS and St, and lower score on HA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, compared to major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, BD subjects have higher scores on NS and St, and lower score on HA. On the contrary, no difference was found between BD type I (BD I) and BD type II (BD II) subjects [6], raising again the old question about the distinction of these 2 BD subtypes (e.g., [14-16]). Taking into account these data, it has been hypothesized that specific temperament traits might constitute vulnerability factors for BD, determine the clinical picture, or modify the course of the disorder itself [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperament and Character Inventory in Bipolar Disorder versus Healthy Controls and Modulatory Effects of 3 Key Functional Gene Variants

et al. 2017

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Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with temperamental and personality traits, although the relationship is still to be fully elucidated. Several studies investigated the genetic basis of temperament and character, identifying catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene variants as strong candidates. Methods: In the GECO-BIP study, 125 BD patients and 173 HC were recruited. Subjects underwent to a detailed assessment and the temperament and character inventory 125 items (TCI) was administrated. Three functional genetic variants within key candidate genes (COMT rs4680, BDNF rs6265, and the serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR)) were genotyped. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: Compared to HC, BD patients showed higher scores in novelty seeking (NS; p = 0.001), harm avoidance (HA; p < 0.001), and self transcendence (St; p < 0.001), and lower scores in self directness (p < 0.001) and cooperativeness (p < 0.001) TCI dimensions. Concerning the genetic analyses, COMT rs4680 was associated with NS in the total sample (p = 0.007) and in the male subsample (p = 0.022). When performing the analysis in the HC and BD samples, the association was confirmed only in HC (p = 0.012), and in the HC male subgroup in particular (p = 0.004). BDNF rs6265 was associated with St in the BD group (p = 0.017). Conclusion: COMT rs4680 may modulate NS in males in the general population. This effect was not detected in BD patients, probably because BD alters the neurobiological basis of some TCI dimensions. BDNF rs6265 seems to modulate St TCI dimension only in BD patients, possibly modulating the previously reported association between rs6265 and BD treatment response. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperament and Character Inventory in Bipolar Disorder versus Healthy Controls and Modulatory Effects of 3 Key Functional Gene Variants

et al. 2017

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“…A recent meta-analysis 3 showed that depressed patients present higher HA and lower SD than controls. Nonetheless, this analysis also revealed that the studies included presented low quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperament and character traits in major depressive disorder: a case control study

et al. 2017

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BACKGROUND: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have distinct personality traits, compared with control subjects, although the role of anxiety and positive and negative affects in this finding is unclear. DESIGN AND SETTING: A case-control study enrolling 103 antidepressant-free depressed patients and 103 age and gender-matched controls was conducted at the University Hospital, University of São Paulo. METHODS:The self-reported scales of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were applied. Temperament and character traits were compared between groups using multivariate and bivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA and ANOVA). The influence of anxiety and affect was further investigated using ANOVA and mediation analyses. RESULTS: Depressed patients presented higher harm avoidance and lower self-directedness scores than controls. After adjustment for anxiety trait, harm avoidance was no longer significantly different between groups. Mediation analysis revealed that the anxiety trait, but not state-anxiety or affect, fully mediated the influence of group (depressed versus control subjects) on harm avoidance. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm that depressed patients present personality traits distinct from those of controls and suggest that MDD is not directly associated with harm avoidance, but that this effect is fully mediated through the anxiety trait.

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Cortical brain structure and sexual orientation in adult females with bipolar disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

et al. 2018

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BackgroundNonheterosexual individuals have higher risk of psychiatric morbidity. Together with growing evidence for sexual orientation‐related brain differences, this raises the concern that sexual orientation may be an important factor to control for in neuroimaging studies of neuropsychiatric disorders.MethodsWe studied sexual orientation in adult psychiatric patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or ADHD in a large clinical cohort (N = 154). We compared cortical brain structure in exclusively heterosexual women (HEW, n = 29) with that of nonexclusively heterosexual women (nHEW, n = 37) using surface‐based reconstruction techniques provided by FreeSurfer.ResultsThe prevalence of nonheterosexual sexual orientation was tentatively higher than reported in general population samples. Consistent with previously reported cross‐sex shifted brain patterns among homosexual individuals, nHEW patients showed significantly larger cortical volumes than HEW in medial occipital brain regions.ConclusionWe found evidence for a sex‐reversed difference in cortical volume among nonheterosexual female patients, which provides insights into the neurobiology of sexual orientation, and may provide the first clues toward a better neurobiological understanding of the association between sexual orientation and mental health. We also suggest that sexual orientation is an important factor to consider in future neuroimaging studies of populations with certain mental health disorders.

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A meta-analysis of temperament and character dimensions in patients with mood disorders: Comparison to healthy controls and unaffected siblings

Cited by 75 publications

References 106 publications

Temperament and Character Inventory in Bipolar Disorder versus Healthy Controls and Modulatory Effects of 3 Key Functional Gene Variants

Temperament and Character Inventory in Bipolar Disorder versus Healthy Controls and Modulatory Effects of 3 Key Functional Gene Variants

Temperament and character traits in major depressive disorder: a case control study

Cortical brain structure and sexual orientation in adult females with bipolar disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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